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Title: Poems

Author: Robert Southey

Release Date: July 29, 2003 [EBook #8639]
[Most recently updated: March 22, 2020] 

Language: English

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and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team




Poems

by Robert Southey

1799


_The better, please; the worse, displease; I ask no more.
Spenser_

Table of Contents

The Vision of the Maid of Orléans
Book 1
Book 2
Book 3
The Rose
The Complaints of the Poor
Metrical Letter
Ballads
The Cross Roads
The Sailor who had served in the Slave Trade
Jaspar
Lord William
A Ballad shewing how an old woman rode double and who rode before her
The Surgeon’s Warning
The Victory
Henry the Hermit
English Eclogues
The Old Mansion House
The Grandmother’s Tale
The Funeral
The Sailor’s Mother
The Witch
The Ruined Cottage
The Vision of the Maid of Orléans


_Divinity hath oftentimes descended
Upon our slumbers, and the blessed troupes
Have, in the calme and quiet of the soule,
Conversed with us._

 Shirley. _The Grateful Servant_

Sidenote: The following Vision was originally printed as the ninth book
of _Joan of Arc_. It is now adapted to the improved edition of that
Poem.




The First Book

Orleans was hush’d in sleep. Stretch’d on her couch
 The delegated Maiden lay: with toil
 Exhausted and sore anguish, soon she closed
 Her heavy eye-lids; not reposing then,
 For busy Phantasy, in other scenes
 Awakened. Whether that superior powers,
 By wise permission, prompt the midnight dream,
 Instructing so the passive1faculty;
 Or that the soul, escaped its fleshly clog,
 Flies free, and soars amid the invisible world,
 And all things _are_ that2 _seem_.

 Along a moor,
 Barren, and wide, and drear, and desolate,
 She roam’d a wanderer thro’ the cheerless night.
 Far thro’ the silence of the unbroken plain
 The bittern’s boom was heard, hoarse, heavy, deep,
 It made most fitting music to the scene.
 Black clouds, driven fast before the stormy wind,
 Swept shadowing; thro’ their broken folds the moon
 Struggled sometimes with transitory ray,
 And made the moving darkness visible.
 And now arrived beside a fenny lake
 She stands: amid its stagnate waters, hoarse
 The long sedge rustled to the gales of night.
 An age-worn bark receives the Maid, impell’d
 By powers unseen; then did the moon display
 Where thro’ the crazy vessel’s yawning side
 The muddy wave oozed in: a female guides,
 And spreads the sail before the wind, that moan’d
 As melancholy mournful to her ear,
 As ever by the dungeon’d wretch was heard
 Howling at evening round the embattled towers
 Of that hell-house3 of France, ere yet sublime
 The almighty people from their tyrant’s hand
 Dash’d down the iron rod.
 Intent the Maid
 Gazed on the pilot’s form, and as she gazed
 Shiver’d, for wan her face was, and her eyes
 Hollow, and her sunk cheeks were furrowed deep,
 Channell’d by tears; a few grey locks hung down
 Beneath her hood: then thro’ the Maiden’s veins
 Chill crept the blood, for, as the night-breeze pass’d,
 Lifting her tattcr’d mantle, coil’d around
 She saw a serpent gnawing at her heart.

 The plumeless bat with short shrill note flits by,
 And the night-raven’s scream came fitfully,
 Borne on the hollow blast. Eager the Maid
 Look’d to the shore, and now upon the bank
 Leaps, joyful to escape, yet trembling still
 In recollection.

 There, a mouldering pile
 Stretch’d its wide ruins, o’er the plain below
 Casting a gloomy shade, save where the moon
 Shone thro’ its fretted windows: the dark Yew,
 Withering with age, branched there its naked roots,
 And there the melancholy Cypress rear’d
 Its head; the earth was heav’d with many a mound,
 And here and there a half-demolish’d tomb.

 And now, amid the ruin’s darkest shade,
 The Virgin’s eye beheld where pale blue flames
 Rose wavering, now just gleaming from the earth,
 And now in darkness drown’d. An aged man
 Sat near, seated on what in long-past days
 Had been some sculptur’d monument, now fallen
 And half-obscured by moss, and gathered heaps
 Of withered yew-leaves and earth-mouldering bones;
 And shining in the ray was seen the track
 Of slimy snail obscene. Composed his look,
 His eye was large and rayless, and fix’d full
 Upon the Maid; the blue flames on his face
 Stream’d a pale light; his face was of the hue
 Of death; his limbs were mantled in a shroud.

 Then with a deep heart-terrifying voice,
 Exclaim’d the Spectre, “Welcome to these realms,
 These regions of Despair! O thou whose steps
 By Grief conducted to these sad abodes
 Have pierced; welcome, welcome to this gloom
 Eternal, to this everlasting night,
 Where never morning darts the enlivening ray,
 Where never shines the sun, but all is dark,
 Dark as the bosom of their gloomy King.”

 So saying he arose, and by the hand
 The Virgin seized with such a death-cold touch
 As froze her very heart; and drawing on,
 Her, to the abbey’s inner ruin, led
 Resistless. Thro’ the broken roof the moon
 Glimmer’d a scatter’d ray; the ivy twined
 Round the dismantled column; imaged forms
 Of Saints and warlike Chiefs, moss-canker’d now
 And mutilate, lay strewn upon the ground,
 With crumbled fragments, crucifixes fallen,
 And rusted trophies; and amid the heap
 Some monument’s defaced legend spake
 All human glory vain.

 The loud blast roar’d
 Amid the pile; and from the tower the owl
 Scream’d as the tempest shook her secret nest.
 He, silent, led her on, and often paus’d,
 And pointed, that her eye might contemplate
 At leisure the drear scene.
 He dragged her on
 Thro’ a low iron door, down broken stairs;
 Then a cold horror thro’ the Maiden’s frame
 Crept, for she stood amid a vault, and saw,
 By the sepulchral lamp’s dim glaring light,
 The fragments of the dead.
 “Look here!” he cried,
 “Damsel, look here! survey this house of Death;
 O soon to tenant it! soon to increase
 These trophies of mortality! for hence
 Is no return. Gaze here! behold this skull,
 These eyeless sockets, and these unflesh’d jaws,
 That with their ghastly grinning, seem to mock
 Thy perishable charms; for thus thy cheek
 Must moulder. Child of Grief! shrinks not thy soul,
 Viewing these horrors? trembles not thy heart
 At the dread thought, that here its life’s-blood soon
 Now warm in life and feeling, mingle soon
 With the cold clod? a thought most horrible!
 So only dreadful, for reality
 Is none of suffering here; here all is peace;
 No nerve will throb to anguish in the grave.
 Dreadful it is to think of losing life;
 But having lost, knowledge of loss is not,
 Therefore no ill. Haste, Maiden, to repose;
 Probe deep the seat of life.”
 So spake Despair
 The vaulted roof echoed his hollow voice,
 And all again was silence. Quick her heart
 Panted. He drew a dagger from his breast,
 And cried again, “Haste Damsel to repose!
 One blow, and rest for ever!” On the Fiend
 Dark scowl’d the Virgin with indignant eye,
 And dash’d the dagger down. He next his heart
 Replaced the murderous steel, and drew the Maid
 Along the downward vault.
 The damp earth gave
 A dim sound as they pass’d: the tainted air
 Was cold, and heavy with unwholesome dews.
 “Behold!” the fiend exclaim’d, “how gradual here
 The fleshly burden of mortality
 Moulders to clay!” then fixing his broad eye
 Full on her face, he pointed where a corpse
 Lay livid; she beheld with loathing look,
 The spectacle abhorr’d by living man.

 “Look here!” Despair pursued, “this loathsome mass
 Was once as lovely, and as full of life
 As, Damsel! thou art now. Those deep-sunk eyes
 Once beam’d the mild light of intelligence,
 And where thou seest the pamper’d flesh-worm trail,
 Once the white bosom heaved. She fondly thought
 That at the hallowed altar, soon the Priest
 Should bless her coming union, and the torch
 Its joyful lustre o’er the hall of joy,
 Cast on her nuptial evening: earth to earth
 That Priest consign’d her, and the funeral lamp
 Glares on her cold face; for her lover went
 By glory lur’d to war, and perish’d there;
 Nor she endur’d to live. Ha! fades thy cheek?
 Dost thou then, Maiden, tremble at the tale?
 Look here! behold the youthful paramour!
 The self-devoted hero!”
 Fearfully
 The Maid look’d down, and saw the well known face
 Of Theodore! in thoughts unspeakable,
 Convulsed with horror, o’er her face she clasp’d
 Her cold damp hands: “Shrink not,” the Phantom cried,
 “Gaze on! for ever gaze!” more firm he grasp’d
 Her quivering arm: “this lifeless mouldering clay,
 As well thou know’st, was warm with all the glow
 Of Youth and Love; this is the arm that cleaved
 Salisbury’s proud crest, now motionless in death,
 Unable to protect the ravaged frame
 From the foul Offspring of Mortality
 That feed on heroes. Tho’ long years were thine,
 Yet never more would life reanimate
 This murdered man; murdered by thee! for thou
 Didst lead him to the battle from his home,
 Else living there in peace to good old age:
 In thy defence he died: strike deep! destroy
 Remorse with Life.”
 The Maid stood motionless,
 And, wistless what she did, with trembling hand
 Received the dagger. Starting then, she cried,
 “Avaunt Despair! Eternal Wisdom deals
 Or peace to man, or misery, for his good
 Alike design’d; and shall the Creature cry,
 Why hast thou done this? and with impious pride
 Destroy the life God gave?”
 The Fiend rejoin’d,
 “And thou dost deem it impious to destroy
 The life God gave? What, Maiden, is the lot
 Assigned to mortal man? born but to drag,
 Thro’ life’s long pilgrimage, the wearying load
 Of being; care corroded at the heart;
 Assail’d by all the numerous train of ills
 That flesh inherits; till at length worn out,
 This is his consummation!—think again!
 What, Maiden, canst thou hope from lengthen’d life
 But lengthen’d sorrow? If protracted long,
 Till on the bed of death thy feeble limbs
 Outstretch their languid length, oh think what thoughts,
 What agonizing woes, in that dread hour,
 Assail the sinking heart! slow beats the pulse,
 Dim grows the eye, and clammy drops bedew
 The shuddering frame; then in its mightiest force,
 Mightiest in impotence, the love of life
 Seizes the throbbing heart, the faltering lips
 Pour out the impious prayer, that fain would change
 The unchangeable’s decree, surrounding friends
 Sob round the sufferer, wet his cheek with tears,
 And all he loved in life embitters death!

 Such, Maiden, are the pangs that wait the hour
 Of calmest dissolution! yet weak man
 Dares, in his timid piety, to live;
 And veiling Fear in Superstition’s garb,
 He calls her Resignation!
 Coward wretch!
 Fond Coward! thus to make his Reason war
 Against his Reason! Insect as he is,
 This sport of Chance, this being of a day,
 Whose whole existence the next cloud may blast,
 Believes himself the care of heavenly powers,
 That God regards Man, miserable Man,
 And preaching thus of Power and Providence,
 Will crush the reptile that may cross his path!

 Fool that thou art! the Being that permits
 Existence, _gives_ to man the worthless boon:
 A goodly gift to those who, fortune-blest,
 Bask in the sunshine of Prosperity,
 And such do well to keep it. But to one
 Sick at the heart with misery, and sore
 With many a hard unmerited affliction,
 It is a hair that chains to wretchedness
 The slave who dares not burst it!
 Thinkest thou,
 The parent, if his child should unrecall’d
 Return and fall upon his neck, and cry,
 Oh! the wide world is comfortless, and full
 Of vacant joys and heart-consuming cares,
 I can be only happy in my home
 With thee—my friend!—my father! Thinkest thou,
 That he would thrust him as an outcast forth?
 Oh I he would clasp the truant to his heart,
 And love the trespass.”
 Whilst he spake, his eye
 Dwelt on the Maiden’s cheek, and read her soul
 Struggling within. In trembling doubt she stood,
 Even as the wretch, whose famish’d entrails crave
 Supply, before him sees the poison’d food
 In greedy horror.
 Yet not long the Maid
 Debated, “Cease thy dangerous sophistry,
 Eloquent tempter!” cried she. “Gloomy one!
 What tho’ affliction be my portion here,
 Think’st thou I do not feel high thoughts of joy.
 Of heart-ennobling joy, when I look back
 Upon a life of duty well perform’d,
 Then lift mine eyes to Heaven, and there in faith
 Know my reward? I grant, were this life all,
 Was there no morning to the tomb’s long night,
 If man did mingle with the senseless clod,
 Himself as senseless, then wert thou indeed
 A wise and friendly comforter! But, Fiend!
 There is a morning to the tomb’s long night,
 A dawn of glory, a reward in Heaven,
 He shall not gain who never merited.
 If thou didst know the worth of one good deed
 In life’s last hour, thou would’st not bid me lose
 The power to benefit; if I but save
 A drowning fly, I shall not live in vain.
 I have great duties, Fiend! me France expects,
 Her heaven-doom’d Champion.”
 “Maiden, thou hast done
 Thy mission here,” the unbaffled Fiend replied:
 “The foes are fled from Orleans: thou, perchance
 Exulting in the pride of victory,
 Forgettest him who perish’d! yet albeit
 Thy harden’d heart forget the gallant youth;
 That hour allotted canst thou not escape,
 That dreadful hour, when Contumely and Shame
 Shall sojourn in thy dungeon. Wretched Maid!
 Destined to drain the cup of bitterness,
 Even to its dregs! England’s inhuman Chiefs
 Shall scoff thy sorrows, black thy spotless fame,
 Wit-wanton it with lewd barbarity,
 And force such burning blushes to the cheek
 Of Virgin modesty, that thou shalt wish
 The earth might cover thee! in that last hour,
 When thy bruis’d breast shall heave beneath the chains
 That link thee to the stake; when o’er thy form,
 Exposed unmantled, the brute multitude
 Shall gaze, and thou shalt hear the ribald taunt,
 More painful than the circling flames that scorch
 Each quivering member; wilt thou not in vain
 Then wish my friendly aid? then wish thine ear
 Had drank my words of comfort? that thy hand
 Had grasp’d the dagger, and in death preserved
 Insulted modesty?”
 Her glowing cheek
 Blush’d crimson; her wide eye on vacancy
 Was fix’d; her breath short panted. The cold Fiend,
 Grasping her hand, exclaim’d, “too-timid Maid,
 So long repugnant to the healing aid
 My friendship proffers, now shalt thou behold
 The allotted length of life.”
 He stamp’d the earth,
 And dragging a huge coffin as his car,
 Two Gouls came on, of form more fearful-foul
 Than ever palsied in her wildest dream
 Hag-ridden Superstition. Then Despair
 Seiz’d on the Maid whose curdling blood stood still.
 And placed her in the seat; and on they pass’d
 Adown the deep descent. A meteor light
 Shot from the Daemons, as they dragg’d along
 The unwelcome load, and mark’d their brethren glut
 On carcasses.
 Below the vault dilates
 Its ample bulk. “Look here!”—Despair addrest
 The shuddering Virgin, “see the dome of Death!”
 It was a spacious cavern, hewn amid
 The entrails of the earth, as tho’ to form
 The grave of all mankind: no eye could reach,
 Tho’ gifted with the Eagle’s ample ken,
 Its distant bounds. There, thron’d in darkness, dwelt
 The unseen Power of Death.
 Here stopt the Gouls,
 Reaching the destin’d spot. The Fiend leapt out,
 And from the coffin, as he led the Maid,
 Exclaim’d, “Where never yet stood mortal man,
 Thou standest: look around this boundless vault;
 Observe the dole that Nature deals to man,
 And learn to know thy friend.”
 She not replied,
 Observing where the Fates their several tasks
 Plied ceaseless. “Mark how short the longest web
 Allowed to man! he cried; observe how soon,
 Twin’d round yon never-resting wheel, they change
 Their snowy hue, darkening thro’ many a shade,
 Till Atropos relentless shuts the sheers!”

 Too true he spake, for of the countless threads,
 Drawn from the heap, as white as unsunn’d snow,
 Or as the lovely lilly of the vale,
 Was never one beyond the little span
 Of infancy untainted: few there were
 But lightly tinged; more of deep crimson hue,
 Or deeper sable4 died. Two Genii stood,
 Still as the web of Being was drawn forth,
 Sprinkling their powerful drops. From ebon urn,
 The one unsparing dash’d the bitter wave
 Of woe; and as he dash’d, his dark-brown brow
 Relax’d to a hard smile. The milder form
 Shed less profusely there his lesser store;
 Sometimes with tears increasing the scant boon,
 Mourning the lot of man; and happy he
 Who on his thread those precious drops receives;
 If it be happiness to have the pulse
 Throb fast with pity, and in such a world
 Of wretchedness, the generous heart that aches
 With anguish at the sight of human woe.

 To her the Fiend, well hoping now success,
 “This is thy thread! observe how short the span,
 And see how copious yonder Genius pours
 The bitter stream of woe.” The Maiden saw
 Fearless. “Now gaze!” the tempter Fiend exclaim’d,
 And placed again the poniard in her hand,
 For Superstition, with sulphureal torch
 Stalk’d to the loom. “This, Damsel, is thy fate!
 The hour draws on—now drench the dagger deep!
 Now rush to happier worlds!”
 The Maid replied,
 “Or to prevent or change the will of Heaven,
 Impious I strive not: be that will perform’d!”


Footnote 1:

May fays of Serapis,
 Erudit at placide humanam per somnia mentem,
 Nocturnâque quiete docet; nulloque labore
 Hic tantum parta est pretiosa scientia, nullo
 Excutitur studio verum. Mortalia corda
 Tunc Deus iste docet, cum sunt minus apta doceri,
 Cum nullum obsequium præstant, meritisque fatentur
 Nil sese debere suis; tunc recta scientes
 Cum nil scire valent. Non illo tempore sensus
 Humanos forsan dignatur numen inire,
 Cum propriis possunt per se discursibus uti,
 Ne forte humanâ ratio divina coiret.


_Sup Lucani_.
return to footnote mark


Footnote 2: I have met with a singular tale to illustrate this
spiritual theory of dreams.

Guntram, King of the Franks, was liberal to the poor, and he himself
experienced the wonderful effects of divine liberality. For one day as
he was hunting in a forest he was separated from his companions and
arrived at a little stream of water with only one comrade of tried and
approved fidelity. Here he found himself opprest by drowsiness, and
reclining his head upon the servant’s lap went to sleep. The servant
witnessed a wonderful thing, for he saw a little beast (_bestiolam_)
creep out of the mouth of his sleeping master, and go immediately to
the streamlet, which it vainly attempted to cross. The servant drew his
sword and laid it across the water, over which the little beast easily
past and crept into a hole of a mountain on the opposite side; from
whence it made its appearance again in an hour, and returned by the
same means into the King’s mouth. The King then awakened, and told his
companion that he had dreamt that he was arrived upon the bank of an
immense river, which he had crossed by a bridge of iron, and from
thence came to a mountain in which a great quantity of gold was
concealed. When the King had concluded, the servant related what he had
beheld, and they both went to examine the mountain, where upon digging
they discovered an immense weight of gold.

I stumbled upon this tale in a book entitled SPHINX
_Theologico-Philosophica. Authore Johanne Heidfeldio, Ecclesiaste
Ebersbachiano._ 1621.

The same story is in Matthew of Westminster; it is added that Guntram
applied the treasures thus found to pious uses.

For the truth of this theory there is the evidence of a Monkish
miracle. When Thurcillus was about to follow St. Julian and visit the
world of souls, his guide said to him, “let thy body rest in the bed
for thy spirit only is about to depart with me; and lest the body
should appear dead, I will send into it a vital breath.”

The body however by a strange sympathy was affected like the spirit;
for when the foul and fetid smoke that arose from tithes witheld, had
nearly suffocated Thurcillus, and made him cough twice, those who were
near his body said that it coughed twice about the same time.

_Matthew Paris_.
return


Footnote 3: The Bastille. The expression is in one of Fuller’s works,
an Author from whose quaintness and ingenuity I have always found
amusement, and sometimes assistance.
return

Footnote 4: These lines strongly resemble a passage in the _Pharonnida_
of William Chamberlayne, a Poet who has told an interesting story in
uncouth rhymes, and mingled sublimity of thought and beauty of
expression, with the quaintest conceits, and most awkward inversions.

On a rock more high
 Than Nature’s common surface, she beholds
 The Mansion house of Fate, which thus unfolds
 Its sacred mysteries. A trine within
 A quadrate placed, both these encompast in
 A perfect circle was its form; but what
 Its matter was, for us to wonder at,
 Is undiscovered left. A Tower there stands
 At every angle, where Time’s fatal hands
 The impartial Parcæ dwell; i’ the first she sees
 Clotho the kindest of the Destinies,
 From immaterial essences to cull
 The seeds of life, and of them frame the wool
 For Lachesis to spin; about her flie
 Myriads of souls, that yet want flesh to lie
 Warm’d with their functions in, whose strength bestows
 That power by which man ripe for misery grows.

 Her next of objects was that glorious tower
 Where that swift-fingered Nymph that spares no hour
 From mortals’ service, draws the various threads
 Of life in several lengths; to weary beds
 Of age extending some, whilst others in
 Their infancy are broke: _some blackt in sin,
 Others, the favorites of Heaven, from whence
 Their origin, candid with innocence;
 Some purpled in afflictions, others dyed
 In sanguine pleasures_: some in glittering pride
 Spun to adorn the earth, whilst others wear
 Rags of deformity, but knots of care
 No thread was wholly free from. Next to this
 Fair glorious tower, was placed that black abyss
 Of dreadful Atropos, the baleful seat
 Of death and horrour, in each room repleat
 With lazy damps, loud groans, and the sad sight
 Of pale grim Ghosts, those terrours of the night.
 To this, the last stage that the winding clew
 Of Life can lead mortality unto,
 FEAR was the dreadful Porter, which let in
 All guests sent thither by destructive sin.

It is possible that I may have written from the recollection of this
passage. The conceit is the same, and I willingly attribute it to
Chamberlayne, a Poet to whom I am indebted for many hours of delight,
and whom I one day hope to rescue from undeserved oblivion.
return




The Second Book


She spake, and lo! celestial radiance beam’d
Amid the air, such odors wafting now
As erst came blended with the evening gale,
From Eden’s bowers of bliss. An angel form
Stood by the Maid; his wings, etherial white,
Flash’d like the diamond in the noon-tide sun,
Dazzling her mortal eye: all else appear’d
Her Theodore.
 Amazed she saw: the Fiend
Was fled, and on her ear the well-known voice
Sounded, tho’ now more musically sweet
Than ever yet had thrill’d her charmed soul,
When eloquent Affection fondly told
The day-dreams of delight.
 “Beloved Maid!
Lo! I am with thee! still thy Theodore!
Hearts in the holy bands of Love combin’d,
Death has no power to sever. Thou art mine!
A little while and thou shalt dwell with me
In scenes where Sorrow is not. Cheerily
Tread thou the path that leads thee to the grave,
Rough tho’ it be and painful, for the grave
Is but the threshold of Eternity.
Favour’d of Heaven! to thee is given to view
These secret realms. The bottom of the abyss
Thou treadest, Maiden! Here the dungeons are
Where bad men learn repentance; souls diseased
Must have their remedy; and where disease
Is rooted deep, the remedy is long
Perforce, and painful.”
 Thus the Spirit spake,
And led the Maid along a narrow path,
Dark gleaming to the light of far-off flames,
More dread than darkness. Soon the distant sound
Of clanking anvils, and the lengthened breath
Provoking fire are heard: and now they reach
A wide expanded den where all around
Tremendous furnaces, with hellish blaze,
Flamed dreadful. At the heaving bellows stood
The meagre form of Care, and as he blew
To augment the fire, the fire augmented scorch’d
His wretched limbs: sleepless for ever thus
He toil’d and toil’d, of toil to reap no end
But endless toil and never-ending woe.
An aged man went round the infernal vault,
Urging his workmen to their ceaseless task:
White were his locks, as is the wintry snow
On hoar Plinlimmon’s head. A golden staff
His steps supported; powerful talisman,
Which whoso feels shall never feel again
The tear of Pity, or the throb of Love.
Touch’d but by this, the massy gates give way,
The buttress trembles, and the guarded wall,
Guarded in vain, submits. Him heathens erst
Had deified, and bowed the suppliant knee
To Plutus. Nor are now his votaries few,
Tho’ he the Blessed Teacher of mankind
Hath said, that easier thro’ the needle’s eye
Shall the huge camel1 pass, than the rich man
Enter the gates of heaven. “Ye cannot serve
Your God, and worship Mammon.”
 “Missioned Maid!”
So spake the Angel, “know that these, whose hands
Round each white furnace ply the unceasing toil,
Were Mammon’s slaves on earth. They did not spare
To wring from Poverty the hard-earn’d mite,
They robb’d the orphan’s pittance, they could see
Want’s asking eye unmoved; and therefore these,
Ranged round the furnace, still must persevere
In Mammon’s service; scorched by these fierce fires,
And frequent deluged by the o’erboiling ore:
Yet still so framed, that oft to quench their thirst
Unquenchable, large draughts of molten2 gold
They drink insatiate, still with pain renewed,
Pain to destroy.”
 So saying, her he led
Forth from the dreadful cavern to a cell,
Brilliant with gem-born light. The rugged walls
Part gleam’d with gold, and part with silver ore
A milder radiance shone. The Carbuncle
There its strong lustre like the flamy sun
Shot forth irradiate; from the earth beneath,
And from the roof a diamond light emits;
Rubies and amethysts their glows commix’d
With the gay topaz, and the softer ray
Shot from the sapphire, and the emerald’s hue,
And bright pyropus.
 There on golden seats,
A numerous, sullen, melancholy train
Sat silent. “Maiden, these,” said Theodore,
Are they who let the love of wealth absorb
All other passions; in their souls that vice
Struck deeply-rooted, like the poison-tree
That with its shade spreads barrenness around.
These, Maid! were men by no atrocious crime
Blacken’d, no fraud, nor ruffian violence:
Men of fair dealing, and respectable
On earth, but such as only for themselves
Heap’d up their treasures, deeming all their wealth
Their own, and given to them, by partial Heaven,
To bless them only: therefore here they sit,
Possessed of gold enough, and by no pain
Tormented, save the knowledge of the bliss
They lost, and vain repentance. Here they dwell,
Loathing these useless treasures, till the hour
Of general restitution.”
 Thence they past,
And now arrived at such a gorgeous dome,
As even the pomp of Eastern opulence
Could never equal: wandered thro’ its halls
A numerous train; some with the red-swoln eye
Of riot, and intemperance-bloated cheek;
Some pale and nerveless, and with feeble step,
And eyes lack-lustre.
 Maiden? said her guide,
These are the wretched slaves of Appetite,
Curst with their wish enjoyed. The epicure
Here pampers his foul frame, till the pall’d sense
Loaths at the banquet; the voluptuous here
Plunge in the tempting torrent of delight,
And sink in misery. All they wish’d on earth,
Possessing here, whom have they to accuse,
But their own folly, for the lot they chose?
Yet, for that these injured themselves alone,
They to the house of Penitence may hie,
And, by a long and painful regimen,
To wearied Nature her exhausted powers
Restore, till they shall learn to form the wish
Of wisdom, and Almighty Goodness grants
That prize to him who seeks it.”
 Whilst he spake,
The board is spread. With bloated paunch, and eye
Fat swoln, and legs whose monstrous size disgraced
The human form divine, their caterer,
Hight Gluttony, set forth the smoaking feast.
And by his side came on a brother form,
With fiery cheek of purple hue, and red
And scurfy-white, mix’d motley; his gross bulk,
Like some huge hogshead shapen’d, as applied.
Him had antiquity with mystic rites
Ador’d, to him the sons of Greece, and thine
Imperial Rome, on many an altar pour’d
The victim blood, with godlike titles graced,
Bacchus, or Dionusus; son of Jove,
Deem’d falsely, for from Folly’s ideot form
He sprung, what time Madness, with furious hand,
Seiz’d on the laughing female. At one birth
She brought the brethren, menial here, above
Reigning with sway supreme, and oft they hold
High revels: mid the Monastery’s gloom,
The sacrifice is spread, when the grave voice
Episcopal, proclaims approaching day
Of visitation, or Churchwardens meet
To save the wretched many from the gripe
Of eager Poverty, or mid thy halls
Of London, mighty Mayor! rich Aldermen,
Of coming feast hold converse.
 Otherwhere,
For tho’ allied in nature as in blood,
They hold divided sway, his brother lifts
His spungy sceptre. In the noble domes
Of Princes, and state-wearied Ministers,
Maddening he reigns; and when the affrighted mind
Casts o’er a long career of guilt and blood
Its eye reluctant, then his aid is sought
To lull the worm of Conscience to repose.
He too the halls of country Squires frequents,
But chiefly loves the learned gloom that shades
Thy offspring Rhedycina! and thy walls,
Granta! nightly libations there to him
Profuse are pour’d, till from the dizzy brain
Triangles, Circles, Parallelograms,
Moods, Tenses, Dialects, and Demigods,
And Logic and Theology are swept
By the red deluge.
 Unmolested there
He reigns; till comes at length the general feast,
Septennial sacrifice; then when the sons
Of England meet, with watchful care to chuse
Their delegates, wise, independent men,
Unbribing and unbrib’d, and cull’d to guard
Their rights and charters from the encroaching grasp
Of greedy Power: then all the joyful land
Join in his sacrifices, so inspir’d
To make the important choice.
 The observing Maid
Address’d her guide, “These Theodore, thou sayest
Are men, who pampering their foul appetites,
Injured themselves alone. But where are they,
The worst of villains, viper-like, who coil
Around the guileless female, so to sting
The heart that loves them?”
 “Them,” the spirit replied,
A long and dreadful punishment awaits.
For when the prey of want and infamy,
Lower and lower still the victim sinks,
Even to the depth of shame, not one lewd word,
One impious imprecation from her lips
Escapes, nay not a thought of evil lurks
In the polluted mind, that does not plead
Before the throne of Justice, thunder-tongued
Against the foul Seducer.”
 Now they reach’d
The house of Penitence. Credulity
Stood at the gate, stretching her eager head
As tho’ to listen; on her vacant face,
A smile that promis’d premature assent;
Tho’ her Regret behind, a meagre Fiend,
Disciplin’d sorely.
 Here they entered in,
And now arrived where, as in study tranced,
She sat, the Mistress of the Dome. Her face
Spake that composed severity, that knows
No angry impulse, no weak tenderness,
Resolved and calm. Before her lay that Book
That hath the words of Life; and as she read,
Sometimes a tear would trickle down her cheek,
Tho’ heavenly joy beam’d in her eye the while.
Leaving her undisturb’d, to the first ward
Of this great Lazar-house, the Angel led
The favour’d Maid of Orleans. Kneeling down
On the hard stone that their bare knees had worn,
In sackcloth robed, a numerous train appear’d:
Hard-featured some, and some demurely grave;
Yet such expression stealing from the eye,
As tho’, that only naked, all the rest
Was one close fitting mask. A scoffing Fiend,
For Fiend he was, tho’ wisely serving here
Mock’d at his patients, and did often pour
Ashes upon them, and then bid them say
Their prayers aloud, and then he louder laughed:
For these were Hypocrites, on earth revered
As holy ones, who did in public tell
Their beads, and make long prayers, and cross themselves,
And call themselves most miserable sinners,
That so they might be deem’d most pious saints;
And go all filth, and never let a smile
Bend their stern muscles, gloomy, sullen men,
Barren of all affection, and all this
To please their God, forsooth! and therefore Scorn
Grinn’d at his patients, making them repeat
Their solemn farce, with keenest raillery
Tormenting; but if earnest in their prayer,
They pour’d the silent sorrows of the soul
To Heaven, then did they not regard his mocks
Which then came painless, and Humility
Soon rescued them, and led to Penitence,
That She might lead to Heaven.
 From thence they came,
Where, in the next ward, a most wretched band
Groan’d underneath the bitter tyranny
Of a fierce Daemon. His coarse hair was red,
Pale grey his eyes, and blood-shot; and his face
Wrinkled by such a smile as Malice wears
In ecstacy. Well-pleased he went around,
Plunging his dagger in the hearts of some,
Or probing with a poison’d lance their breasts,
Or placing coals of fire within their wounds;
Or seizing some within his mighty grasp,
He fix’d them on a stake, and then drew back,
And laugh’d to see them writhe.
 “These,” said the Spirit,
Are taught by Cruelty, to loath the lives
They led themselves. Here are those wicked men
Who loved to exercise their tyrant power
On speechless brutes; bad husbands undergo
A long purgation here; the traffickers
In human flesh here too are disciplined.
Till by their suffering they have equall’d all
The miseries they inflicted, all the mass
Of wretchedness caused by the wars they waged,
The towns they burnt, for they who bribe to war
Are guilty of the blood, the widows left
In want, the slave or led to suicide,
Or murdered by the foul infected air
Of his close dungeon, or more sad than all,
His virtue lost, his very soul enslaved,
And driven by woe to wickedness.
 These next,
Whom thou beholdest in this dreary room,
So sullen, and with such an eye of hate
Each on the other scowling, these have been
False friends. Tormented by their own dark thoughts
Here they dwell: in the hollow of their hearts
There is a worm that feeds, and tho’ thou seest
That skilful leech who willingly would heal
The ill they suffer, judging of all else
By their own evil standard, they suspect
The aid be vainly proffers, lengthening thus
By vice its punishment.”
 “But who are these,”
The Maid exclaim’d, “that robed in flowing lawn,
And mitred, or in scarlet, and in caps
Like Cardinals, I see in every ward,
Performing menial service at the beck
Of all who bid them?”
 Theodore replied,
These men are they who in the name of CHRIST
Did heap up wealth, and arrogating power,
Did make men bow the knee, and call themselves
Most Reverend Graces and Right Reverend Lords.
They dwelt in palaces, in purple clothed,
And in fine linen: therefore are they here;
And tho’ they would not minister on earth,
Here penanced they perforce must minister:
For he, the lowly man of Nazareth,
Hath said, his kingdom is not of the world.”
So Saying on they past, and now arrived
Where such a hideous ghastly groupe abode,
That the Maid gazed with half-averting eye,
And shudder’d: each one was a loathly corpse,
The worm did banquet on his putrid prey,
Yet had they life and feeling exquisite
Tho’ motionless and mute.
 “Most wretched men
Are these, the angel cried. These, Joan, are bards,
Whose loose lascivious lays perpetuate
Who sat them down, deliberately lewd,
So to awake and pamper lust in minds
Unborn; and therefore foul of body now
As then they were of soul, they here abide
Long as the evil works they left on earth
Shall live to taint mankind. A dreadful doom!
Yet amply merited by that bad man
Who prostitutes the sacred gift of song!”
And now they reached a huge and massy pile,
Massy it seem’d, and yet in every blast
As to its ruin shook. There, porter fit,
Remorse for ever his sad vigils kept.
Pale, hollow-eyed, emaciate, sleepless wretch.
Inly he groan’d, or, starting, wildly shriek’d,
Aye as the fabric tottering from its base,
Threatened its fall, and so expectant still
Lived in the dread of danger still delayed.
They enter’d there a large and lofty dome,
O’er whose black marble sides a dim drear light
Struggled with darkness from the unfrequent lamp.
Enthroned around, the Murderers of Mankind,
Monarchs, the great! the glorious! the august!
Each bearing on his brow a crown of fire,
Sat stern and silent. Nimrod he was there,
First King the mighty hunter; and that Chief
Who did belie his mother’s fame, that so
He might be called young Ammon. In this court
Cæsar was crown’d, accurst liberticide;
And he who murdered Tully, that cold villain,
Octavius, tho’ the courtly minion’s lyre
Hath hymn’d his praise, tho’ Maro sung to him,
And when Death levelled to original clay
The royal carcase, Flattery, fawning low,
Fell at his feet, and worshipped the new God.
Titus3 was here, the Conqueror of the Jews,
He the Delight of human-kind misnamed;
Cæsars and Soldans, Emperors and Kings,
Here they were all, all who for glory fought,
Here in the Court of Glory reaping now
The meed they merited.
 As gazing round
The Virgin mark’d the miserable train,
A deep and hollow voice from one went forth;
“Thou who art come to view our punishment,
Maiden of Orleans! hither turn thine eyes,
For I am he whose bloody victories
Thy power hath rendered vain. Lo! I am here,
The hero conqueror of Azincour,
Henry of England!—wretched that I am,
I might have reigned in happiness and peace,
My coffers full, my subjects undisturb’d,
And Plenty and Prosperity had loved
To dwell amongst them: but mine eye beheld
The realm of France, by faction tempest-torn,
And therefore I did think that it would fall
An easy prey. I persecuted those
Who taught new doctrines, tho’ they taught the truth:
And when I heard of thousands by the sword
Cut off, or blasted by the pestilence,
I calmly counted up my proper gains,
And sent new herds to slaughter. Temperate
Myself, no blood that mutinied, no vice
Tainting my private life, I sent abroad
Murder and Rape; and therefore am I doom’d,
Like these imperial Sufferers, crown’d with fire,
Here to remain, till Man’s awaken’d eye
Shall see the genuine blackness of our deeds,
And warn’d by them, till the whole human race,
Equalling in bliss the aggregate we caus’d
Of wretchedness, shall form One Brotherhood,
One Universal Family of Love.”

Footnote 1: In the former edition I had substituted _cable_ instead of
_camel_. The alteration would not be worth noticing were it not for the
circumstance which occasioned it. _Facilius elephas per foramen acus_,
is among the Hebrew adages collected by Drusius; the same metaphor is
found in two other Jewish proverbs, and this appears to determine the
signification of καμηλος Matt. 19. 24.
return to footnote mark

Footnote 2: The same idea, and almost the same words are in an old play
by John Ford. The passage is a very fine one:

 Ay, you are wretched, miserably wretched,
 Almost condemn’d alive! There is a place,
 (List daughter!) in a black and hollow vault,
 Where day is never seen; there shines no sun,
 But flaming horror of consuming fires;
 A lightless sulphur, choak’d with smoaky foggs
 Of an infected darkness. In this place
 Dwell many thousand thousand sundry sorts
 Of never-dying deaths; there damned souls
 Roar without pity, there are gluttons fed
 With toads and adders; there is burning oil
 Pour’d down the drunkard’s throat, _the usurer
 Is forced to sup whole draughts of molten gold_;
 There is the murderer for ever stabb’d,
 Yet can he never die; there lies the wanton
 On racks of burning steel, whilst in his soul
 He feels the torment of his raging lust.

_(’Tis Pity she’s a Whore.)_



I wrote this passage when very young, and the idea, trite as it is, was
new to me. It occurs I believe in most descriptions of hell, and
perhaps owes its origin to the fate of Crassus.

After this picture of horrors, the reader may perhaps be pleased with
one more pleasantly fanciful:

 O call me home again dear Chief! and put me
 To yoking foxes, milking of he-goats,
 Pounding of water in a mortar, laving
 The sea dry with a nutshell, gathering all
 The leaves are fallen this autumn—making ropes of sand,
 Catching the winds together in a net,
 Mustering of ants, and numbering atoms, all
 That Hell and you thought exquisite torments, rather
 Than stay me here a thought more. I would sooner
 Keep fleas within a circle, and be accomptant
 A thousand year which of ’em, and how far
 Outleap’d the other, than endure a minute
 Such as I have within.

(B. Jonson. _The Devil is an Ass.)_

return

Footnote 3: During the siege of Jerusalem, “the Roman commander, _with
a generous clemency, that inseparable attendant on true heroism,_
laboured incessantly, and to the very last moment, to preserve the
place. With this view, he again and again intreated the tyrants to
surrender and save their lives. With the same view also, after carrying
the second wall the siege was intermitted four days: to rouse their
fears, _prisoners, to the number of five hundred, or more were
crucified daily before the walls; till space_, Josephus says, _was
wanting for the crosses, and crosses for the captives_.”

 From the Hampton Lectures of Ralph Churton.

If any of my readers should enquire why Titus Vespasian, the Delight of
Mankind, is placed in such a situation,—I answer, for “HIS GENEROUS
CLEMENCY, THAT INSEPARABLE ATTENDANT ON TRUE HEROISM!”
return




The Third Book


 The Maiden, musing on the Warrior’s words,
 Turn’d from the Hall of Glory. Now they reach’d
 A cavern, at whose mouth a Genius stood,
 In front a beardless youth, whose smiling eye
 Beam’d promise, but behind, withered and old,
 And all unlovely. Underneath his feet
 Lay records trampled, and the laurel wreath
 Now rent and faded: in his hand he held
 An hour-glass, and as fall the restless sands,
 So pass the lives of men. By him they past
 Along the darksome cave, and reach’d a stream,
 Still rolling onward its perpetual waves,
 Noiseless and undisturbed. Here they ascend
 A Bark unpiloted, that down the flood,
 Borne by the current, rush’d. The circling stream,
 Returning to itself, an island form’d;
 Nor had the Maiden’s footsteps ever reach’d
 The insulated coast, eternally
 Rapt round the endless course; but Theodore
 Drove with an angel’s will the obedient bark.

 They land, a mighty fabric meets their eyes,
 Seen by its gem-born light. Of adamant
 The pile was framed, for ever to abide
 Firm in eternal strength. Before the gate
 Stood eager Expectation, as to list
 The half-heard murmurs issuing from within,
 Her mouth half-open’d, and her head stretch’d forth.
 On the other side there stood an aged Crone,
 Listening to every breath of air; she knew
 Vague suppositions and uncertain dreams,
 Of what was soon to come, for she would mark
 The paley glow-worm’s self-created light,
 And argue thence of kingdoms overthrown,
 And desolated nations; ever fill’d
 With undetermin’d terror, as she heard
 Or distant screech-owl, or the regular beat
 Of evening death-watch.
 “Maid,” the Spirit cried,
 Here, robed in shadows, dwells Futurity.
 There is no eye hath seen her secret form,
 For round the Mother of Time, unpierced mists
 Aye hover. Would’st thou read the book of Fate,
 Enter.”
 The Damsel for a moment paus’d,
 Then to the Angel spake: “All-gracious Heaven!
 Benignant in withholding, hath denied
 To man that knowledge. I, in faith assured,
 That he, my heavenly Father, for the best
 Ordaineth all things, in that faith remain
 Contented.”
 “Well and wisely hast thou said,
 So Theodore replied; “and now O Maid!
 Is there amid this boundless universe
 One whom thy soul would visit? is there place
 To memory dear, or visioned out by hope,
 Where thou would’st now be present? form the wish,
 And I am with thee, there.”
 His closing speech
 Yet sounded on her ear, and lo! they stood
 Swift as the sudden thought that guided them,
 Within the little cottage that she loved.
 “He sleeps! the good man sleeps!” enrapt she cried,
 As bending o’er her Uncle’s lowly bed
 Her eye retraced his features. “See the beads
 That never morn nor night he fails to tell,
 Remembering me, his child, in every prayer.
 Oh! quiet be thy sleep, thou dear old man!
 Good Angels guard thy rest! and when thine hour
 Is come, as gently mayest thou wake to life,
 As when thro’ yonder lattice the next sun
 Shall bid thee to thy morning orisons!
 Thy voice is heard, the Angel guide rejoin’d,
 He sees thee in his dreams, he hears thee breathe
 Blessings, and pleasant is the good man’s rest.
 Thy fame has reached him, for who has not heard
 Thy wonderous exploits? and his aged heart
 Hath felt the deepest joy that ever yet
 Made his glad blood flow fast. Sleep on old Claude!
 Peaceful, pure Spirit, be thy sojourn here,
 And short and soon thy passage to that world
 Where friends shall part no more!
 “Does thy soul own
 No other wish? or sleeps poor Madelon
 Forgotten in her grave? seest thou yon star,”
 The Spirit pursued, regardless of her eye
 That look’d reproach; “seest thou that evening star
 Whose lovely light so often we beheld
 From yonder woodbine porch? how have we gazed
 Into the dark deep sky, till the baffled soul,
 Lost in the infinite, returned, and felt
 The burthen of her bodily load, and yearned
 For freedom! Maid, in yonder evening slar
 Lives thy departed friend. I read that glance,
 And we are there!”
 He said and they had past
 The immeasurable space.
 Then on her ear
 The lonely song of adoration rose,
 Sweet as the cloister’d virgins vesper hymn,
 Whose spirit, happily dead to earthly hopes
 Already lives in Heaven. Abrupt the song
 Ceas’d, tremulous and quick a cry
 Of joyful wonder rous’d the astonish’d Maid,
 And instant Madelon was in her arms;
 No airy form, no unsubstantial shape,
 She felt her friend, she prest her to her heart,
 Their tears of rapture mingled.
 She drew back
 And eagerly she gazed on Madelon,
 Then fell upon her neck again and wept.
 No more she saw the long-drawn lines of grief,
 The emaciate form, the hue of sickliness,
 The languid eye: youth’s loveliest freshness now
 Mantled her cheek, whose every lineament
 Bespake the soul at rest, a holy calm,
 A deep and full tranquillity of bliss.

 “Thou then art come, my first and dearest friend!”
 The well known voice of Madelon began,
 “Thou then art come! and was thy pilgrimage
 So short on earth? and was it painful too,
 Painful and short as mine? but blessed they
 Who from the crimes and miseries of the world
 Early escape!”
 “Nay,” Theodore replied,
 She hath not yet fulfill’d her mortal work.
 Permitted visitant from earth she comes
 To see the seat of rest, and oftentimes
 In sorrow shall her soul remember this,
 And patient of the transitory woe
 Partake the anticipated peace again.”
 “Soon be that work perform’d!” the Maid exclaimed,
 “O Madelon! O Theodore! my soul,
 Spurning the cold communion of the world,
 Will dwell with you! but I shall patiently,
 Yea even with joy, endure the allotted ills
 Of which the memory in this better state
 Shall heighten bliss. That hour of agony,
 When, Madelon, I felt thy dying grasp,
 And from thy forehead wiped the dews of death,
 The very horrors of that hour assume
 A shape that now delights.”
 “O earliest friend!
 I too remember,” Madelon replied,
 “That hour, thy looks of watchful agony,
 The suppressed grief that struggled in thine eye
 Endearing love’s last kindness. Thou didst know
 With what a deep and melancholy joy
 I felt the hour draw on: but who can speak
 The unutterable transport, when mine eyes,
 As from a long and dreary dream, unclosed
 Amid this peaceful vale, unclos’d on him,
 My Arnaud! he had built me up a bower,
 A bower of rest.—See, Maiden, where he comes,
 His manly lineaments, his beaming eye
 The same, but now a holier innocence
 Sits on his cheek, and loftier thoughts illume
 The enlighten’d glance.”
 They met, what joy was theirs
 He best can feel, who for a dear friend dead
 Has wet the midnight pillow with his tears.

 Fair was the scene around; an ample vale
 Whose mountain circle at the distant verge
 Lay softened on the sight; the near ascent
 Rose bolder up, in part abrupt and bare,
 Part with the ancient majesty of woods
 Adorn’d, or lifting high its rocks sublime.
 The river’s liquid radiance roll’d beneath,
 Beside the bower of Madelon it wound
 A broken stream, whose shallows, tho’ the waves
 Roll’d on their way with rapid melody,
 A child might tread. Behind, an orange grove
 Its gay green foliage starr’d with golden fruit;
 But with what odours did their blossoms load
 The passing gale of eve! less thrilling sweet
 Rose from the marble’s perforated floor,
 Where kneeling at her prayers, the Moorish queen
 Inhaled the cool delight1, and whilst she asked
 The Prophet for his promised paradise,
 Shaped from the present scene its utmost joys.
 A goodly scene! fair as that faery land
 Where Arthur lives, by ministering spirits borne
 From Camlan’s bloody banks; or as the groves
 Of earliest Eden, where, so legends say,
 Enoch abides, and he who rapt away
 By fiery steeds, and chariotted in fire,
 Past in his mortal form the eternal ways;
 And John, beloved of Christ, enjoying there
 The beatific vision, sometimes seen
 The distant dawning of eternal day,
 Till all things be fulfilled.
 “Survey this scene!”
 So Theodore address’d the Maid of Arc,
 “There is no evil here, no wretchedness,
 It is the Heaven of those who nurst on earth
 Their nature’s gentlest feelings. Yet not here
 Centering their joys, but with a patient hope,
 Waiting the allotted hour when capable
 Of loftier callings, to a better state
 They pass; and hither from that better state
 Frequent they come, preserving so those ties
 That thro’ the infinite progressiveness
 Complete our perfect bliss.
 “Even such, so blest,
 Save that the memory of no sorrows past
 Heightened the present joy, our world was once,
 In the first æra of its innocence
 Ere man had learnt to bow the knee to man.
 Was there a youth whom warm affection fill’d,
 He spake his honest heart; the earliest fruits
 His toil produced, the sweetest flowers that deck’d
 The sunny bank, he gather’d for the maid,
 Nor she disdain’d the gift; for Vice not yet
 Had burst the dungeons of her hell, and rear’d
 Those artificial boundaries that divide
 Man from his species. State of blessedness!
 Till that ill-omen’d hour when Cain’s stern son
 Delved in the bowels of the earth for gold,
 Accursed bane of virtue! of such force
 As poets feign dwelt in the Gorgon’s locks,
 Which whoso saw, felt instant the life-blood
 Cold curdle in his veins, the creeping flesh
 Grew stiff with horror, and the heart forgot
 To beat. Accursed hour! for man no more
 To Justice paid his homage, but forsook
 Her altars, and bow’d down before the shrine
 Of Wealth and Power, the Idols he had made.
 Then Hell enlarged herself, her gates flew wide,
 Her legion fiends rush’d forth. Oppression came
 Whose frown is desolation, and whose breath
 Blasts like the Pestilence; and Poverty,
 A meagre monster, who with withering touch
 Makes barren all the better part of man,
 Mother of Miseries. Then the goodly earth
 Which God had fram’d for happiness, became
 One theatre of woe, and all that God
 Had given to bless free men, these tyrant fiends
 His bitterest curses made. Yet for the best
 Hath he ordained all things, the ALL-WISE!
 For by experience rous’d shall man at length
 Dash down his Moloch-Idols, Samson-like
 And burst his fetters, only strong whilst strong
 Believed. Then in the bottomless abyss
 Oppression shall be chain’d, and Poverty
 Die, and with her, her brood of Miseries;
 And Virtue and Equality preserve
 The reign of Love, and Earth shall once again
 Be Paradise, whilst Wisdom shall secure
 The state of bliss which Ignorance betrayed.”

 “Oh age of happiness!” the Maid exclaim’d,
 Roll fast thy current, Time till that blest age
 Arrive! and happy thou my Theodore,
 Permitted thus to see the sacred depths
 Of wisdom!”
 “Such,” the blessed Spirit replied,
 Beloved! such our lot; allowed to range
 The vast infinity, progressive still
 In knowledge and encreasing blessedness,
 This our united portion. Thou hast yet
 A little while to sojourn amongst men:
 I will be with thee! there shall not a breeze
 Wanton around thy temples, on whose wing
 I will not hover near! and at that hour
 When from its fleshly sepulchre let loose,
 Thy phoenix soul shall soar, O best-beloved!
 I will be with thee in thine agonies,
 And welcome thee to life and happiness,
 Eternal infinite beatitude!”

 He spake, and led her near a straw-roof’d cot,
 Love’s Palace. By the Virtues circled there,
 The cherub listen’d to such melodies,
 As aye, when one good deed is register’d
 Above, re-echo in the halls of Heaven.
 Labour was there, his crisp locks floating loose,
 Clear was his cheek, and beaming his full eye,
 And strong his arm robust; the wood-nymph Health
 Still follow’d on his path, and where he trod
 Fresh flowers and fruits arose. And there was Hope,
 The general friend; and Pity, whose mild eye
 Wept o’er the widowed dove; and, loveliest form,
 Majestic Chastity, whose sober smile
 Delights and awes the soul; a laurel wreath
 Restrain’d her tresses, and upon her breast
 The snow-drop2 hung its head, that seem’d to grow
 Spontaneous, cold and fair: still by the maid
 Love went submiss, wilh eye more dangerous
 Than fancied basilisk to wound whoe’er
 Too bold approached; yet anxious would he read
 Her every rising wish, then only pleased
 When pleasing. Hymning him the song was rais’d.

 “Glory to thee whose vivifying power
 Pervades all Nature’s universal frame!
 Glory to thee Creator Love! to thee,
 Parent of all the smiling Charities,
 That strew the thorny path of Life with flowers!
 Glory to thee Preserver! to thy praise
 The awakened woodlands echo all the day
 Their living melody; and warbling forth
 To thee her twilight song, the Nightingale
 Holds the lone Traveller from his way, or charms
 The listening Poet’s ear. Where Love shall deign
 To fix his seat, there blameless Pleasure sheds
 Her roseate dews; Content will sojourn there,
 And Happiness behold Affection eye
 Gleam with the Mother’s smile. Thrice happy he
 Who feels thy holy power! he shall not drag,
 Forlorn and friendless, along Life’s long path
 To Age’s drear abode; he shall not waste
 The bitter evening of his days unsooth’d;
 But Hope shall cheer his hours of Solitude,
 And Vice shall vainly strive to wound his breast,
 That bears that talisman; and when he meets
 The eloquent eye of Tenderness, and hears
 The bosom-thrilling music of her voice;
 The joy he feels shall purify his Soul,
 And imp it for anticipated Heaven.”


Footnote 1: In the cabinet of the Alhambra where the Queen used to
dress and say her prayers, and which is still an enchanting sight,
there is a slab of marble full of small holes, through which perfumes
exhaled that were kept constantly burning beneath. The doors and
windows are disposed so as to afford the most agreeable prospects, and
to throw a soft yet lively light upon the eyes. Fresh currents of air
too are admitted, so as to renew every instant the delicious coolness
of this apartment.

_From the sketch of the History of the Spanish Moors, prefixed to
Florian’s Gonsalvo of Cordova_.
return to footnote mark

Footnote 2: “The grave matron does not perceive how time has impaired
her charms, but decks her faded bosom with the same snow-drop that
seems to grow on the breast of the Virgin.” P.H.
return




The Rose


Betwene the Cytee and the Chirche of Bethlehem, is the felde Floridus,
that is to seyne, the feld florisched. For als moche as a fayre Mayden
was blamed with wrong and sclaundred, that sche hadde don fornicacioun,
for whiche cause sche was demed to the dethe, and to be brent in that
place, to the whiche sche was ladd. And as the fyre began to brenne
about hire, she made hire preyeres to oure Lord, that als wissely as
sche was not gylty of that synne, that he wold help hire, and make it
to be knowen to alle men of his mercyfulle grace; and whanne she had
thus seyd, sche entered into the fuyer, and anon was the fuyer quenched
and oute, and the brondes that weren brennynge, becomen white Roseres,
fulle of roses, and theise weren the first Roseres and roses, bothe
white and rede, that evere ony man saughe. And thus was this Maiden
saved be the Grace of God.

 _The Voiage and Travaile of Sir John Maundevile_.

The Rose

Nay Edith! spare the rose!—it lives—it lives,
 It feels the noon-tide sun, and drinks refresh’d
 The dews of night; let not thy gentle hand
 Tear sunder its life-fibres and destroy
 The sense of being!—why that infidel smile?
 Come, I will bribe thee to be merciful,
 And thou shall have a tale of other times,
 For I am skill’d in legendary lore,
 So thou wilt let it live. There was a time
 Ere this, the freshest sweetest flower that blooms,
 Bedeck’d the bowers of earth. Thou hast not heard
 How first by miracle its fragrant leaves
 Spread to the sun their blushing loveliness.

 There dwelt at Bethlehem a Jewish maid
 And Zillah was her name, so passing fair
 That all Judea spake the damsel’s praise.
 He who had seen her eyes’ dark radiance
 How quick it spake the soul, and what a soul
 Beam’d in its mild effulgence, woe was he!
 For not in solitude, for not in crowds,
 Might he escape remembrance, or avoid
 Her imaged form that followed every where,
 And fill’d the heart, and fix’d the absent eye.
 Woe was he, for her bosom own’d no love
 Save the strong ardours of religious zeal,
 For Zillah on her God had centered all
 Her spirit’s deep affections. So for her
 Her tribes-men sigh’d in vain, yet reverenced
 The obdurate virtue that destroyed their hopes.

 One man there was, a vain and wretched man,
 Who saw, desired, despair’d, and hated her.
 His sensual eye had gloated on her cheek
 Even till the flush of angry modesty
 Gave it new charms, and made him gloat the more.
 She loath’d the man, for Hamuel’s eye was bold,
 And the strong workings of brute selfishness
 Had moulded his broad features; and she fear’d
 The bitterness of wounded vanity
 That with a fiendish hue would overcast
 His faint and lying smile. Nor vain her fear,
 For Hamuel vowed revenge and laid a plot
 Against her virgin fame. He spread abroad
 Whispers that travel fast, and ill reports
 That soon obtain belief; that Zillah’s eye
 When in the temple heaven-ward it was rais’d
 Did swim with rapturous zeal, but there were those
 Who had beheld the enthusiast’s melting glance
 With other feelings fill’d; that ’twas a task
 Of easy sort to play the saint by day
 Before the public eye, but that all eyes
 Were closed at night; that Zillah’s life was foul,
 Yea forfeit to the law.

 Shame—shame to man
 That he should trust so easily the tongue
 That stabs another’s fame! the ill report
 Was heard, repeated, and believed,—and soon,
 For Hamuel by most damned artifice
 Produced such semblances of guilt, the Maid
 Was judged to shameful death.
 Without the walls
 There was a barren field; a place abhorr’d,
 For it was there where wretched criminals
 Were done to die; and there they built the stake,
 And piled the fuel round, that should consume
 The accused Maid, abandon’d, as it seem’d,
 By God and man. The assembled Bethlemites
 Beheld the scene, and when they saw the Maid
 Bound to the stake, with what calm holiness
 She lifted up her patient looks to Heaven,
 They doubted of her guilt. With other thoughts
 Stood Hamuel near the pile, him savage joy
 Led thitherward, but now within his heart
 Unwonted feelings stirr’d, and the first pangs
 Of wakening guilt, anticipating Hell.
 The eye of Zillah as it glanced around
 Fell on the murderer once, but not in wrath;
 And therefore like a dagger it had fallen,
 Had struck into his soul a cureless wound.
 Conscience! thou God within us! not in the hour
 Of triumph, dost thou spare the guilty wretch,
 Not in the hour of infamy and death
 Forsake the virtuous! they draw near the stake—
 And lo! the torch! hold hold your erring hands!
 Yet quench the rising flames!—they rise! they spread!
 They reach the suffering Maid! oh God protect
 The innocent one!
 They rose, they spread, they raged—
 The breath of God went forth; the ascending fire
 Beneath its influence bent, and all its flames
 In one long lightning flash collecting fierce,
 Darted and blasted Hamuel—him alone.
 Hark—what a fearful scream the multitude
 Pour forth!—and yet more miracles! the stake
 Buds out, and spreads its light green leaves and bowers
 The innocent Maid, and roses bloom around,
 Now first beheld since Paradise was lost,
 And fill with Eden odours all the air.




The Complaints of the Poor


And wherefore do the Poor complain?
 The rich man asked of me,—
 Come walk abroad with me, I said
 And I will answer thee.

 Twas evening and the frozen streets
 Were cheerless to behold,
 And we were wrapt and coated well,
 And yet we were a-cold.

 We met an old bare-headed man,
 His locks were few and white,
 I ask’d him what he did abroad
 In that cold winter’s night:

 ’Twas bitter keen indeed, he said,
 But at home no fire had he,
 And therefore, he had come abroad
 To ask for charity.

 We met a young bare-footed child,
 And she begg’d loud and bold,
 I ask’d her what she did abroad
 When the wind it blew so cold;

 She said her father was at home
 And he lay sick a-bed,
 And therefore was it she was sent
 Abroad to beg for bread.

 We saw a woman sitting down
 Upon a stone to rest,
 She had a baby at her back
 And another at her breast;

 I ask’d her why she loiter’d there
 When the wind it was so chill;
 She turn’d her head and bade the child
 That scream’d behind be still.

 She told us that her husband served
 A soldier, far away,
 And therefore to her parish she
 Was begging back her way.

 We met a girl; her dress was loose
 And sunken was her eye,
 Who with the wanton’s hollow voice
 Address’d the passers by;

 I ask’d her what there was in guilt
 That could her heart allure
 To shame, disease, and late remorse?
 She answer’d, she was poor.

 I turn’d me to the rich man then
 For silently stood he,
 You ask’d me why the Poor complain,
 And these have answer’d thee.




Metrical Letter

written from London


Margaret! my Cousin!—nay, you must not smile;
 I love the homely and familiar phrase;
 And I will call thee Cousin Margaret,
 However quaint amid the measured line
 The good old term appears. Oh! it looks ill
 When delicate tongues disclaim old terms of kin,
 Sirring and Madaming as civilly
 As if the road between the heart and lips
 Were such a weary and Laplandish way
 That the poor travellers came to the red gates
 Half frozen. Trust me Cousin Margaret,
 For many a day my Memory has played
 The creditor with me on your account,
 And made me shame to think that I should owe
 So long the debt of kindness. But in truth,
 Like Christian on his pilgrimage, I bear
 So heavy a pack of business, that albeit
 I toil on mainly, in our twelve hours race
 Time leaves me distanced. Loath indeed were I
 That for a moment you should lay to me
 Unkind neglect; mine, Margaret, is a heart
 That smokes not, yet methinks there should be some
 Who know how warm it beats. I am not one
 Who can play off my smiles and courtesies
 To every Lady of her lap dog tired
 Who wants a play-thing; I am no sworn friend
 Of half-an-hour, as apt to leave as love;
 Mine are no mushroom feelings that spring up
 At once without a seed and take no root,
 Wiseliest distrusted. In a narrow sphere
 The little circle of domestic life
 I would be known and loved; the world beyond
 Is not for me. But Margaret, sure I think
 That you should know me well, for you and I
 Grew up together, and when we look back
 Upon old times our recollections paint
 The same familiar faces. Did I wield
 The wand of Merlin’s magic I would make
 Brave witchcraft. We would have a faery ship,
 Aye, a new Ark, as in that other flood
 That cleansed the sons of Anak from the earth,
 The Sylphs should waft us to some goodly isle
 Like that where whilome old Apollidon
 Built up his blameless spell; and I would bid
 The Sea Nymphs pile around their coral bowers,
 That we might stand upon the beach, and mark
 The far-off breakers shower their silver spray,
 And hear the eternal roar whose pleasant sound
 Told us that never mariner should reach
 Our quiet coast. In such a blessed isle
 We might renew the days of infancy,
 And Life like a long childhood pass away,
 Without one care. It may be, Margaret,
 That I shall yet be gathered to my friends,
 For I am not of those who live estranged
 Of choice, till at the last they join their race
 In the family vault. If so, if I should lose,
 Like my old friend the Pilgrim, this huge pack
 So heavy on my shoulders, I and mine
 Will end our pilgrimage most pleasantly.
 If not, if I should never get beyond
 This Vanity town, there is another world
 Where friends will meet. And often, Margaret,
 I gaze at night into the boundless sky,
 And think that I shall there be born again,
 The exalted native of some better star;
 And like the rude American I hope
 To find in Heaven the things I loved on earth.




Ballads

The Cross Roads


The circumstance related in the following Ballad happened about forty
years ago in a village adjacent to Bristol. A person who was present at
the funeral, told me the story and the particulars of the interment, as
I have versified them.

There was an old man breaking stones
 To mend the turnpike way,
 He sat him down beside a brook
 And out his bread and cheese he took,
 For now it was mid-day.

 He lent his back against a post,
 His feet the brook ran by;
 And there were water-cresses growing,
 And pleasant was the water’s flowing
 For he was hot and dry.

 A soldier with his knapsack on
 Came travelling o’er the down,
 The sun was strong and he was tired,
 And of the old man he enquired
 How far to Bristol town.

 Half an hour’s walk for a young man
 By lanes and fields and stiles.
 But you the foot-path do not know,
 And if along the road you go
 Why then ’tis three good miles.

 The soldier took his knapsack off
 For he was hot and dry;
 And out his bread and cheese he took
 And he sat down beside the brook
 To dine in company.

 Old friend! in faith, the soldier says
 I envy you almost;
 My shoulders have been sorely prest
 And I should like to sit and rest,
 My back against that post.

 In such a sweltering day as this
 A knapsack is the devil!
 And if on t’other side I sat
 It would not only spoil our chat
 But make me seem uncivil.

 The old man laugh’d and moved. I wish
 It were a great-arm’d chair!
 But this may help a man at need;
 And yet it was a cursed deed
 That ever brought it there.

 There’s a poor girl lies buried here
 Beneath this very place.
 The earth upon her corpse is prest
 This stake is driven into her breast
 And a stone is on her face.

 The soldier had but just lent back
 And now he half rose up.
 There’s sure no harm in dining here,
 My friend? and yet to be sincere
 I should not like to sup.

 God rest her! she is still enough
 Who sleeps beneath our feet!
 The old man cried. No harm I trow
 She ever did herself, tho’ now
 She lies where four roads meet.

 I have past by about that hour
 When men are not most brave,
 It did not make my heart to fail,
 And I have heard the nightingale
 Sing sweetly on her grave.

 I have past by about that hour
 When Ghosts their freedom have,
 But there was nothing here to fright,
 And I have seen the glow-worm’s light
 Shine on the poor girl’s grave.

 There’s one who like a Christian lies
 Beneath the church-tree’s shade;
 I’d rather go a long mile round
 Than pass at evening thro’ the ground
 Wherein that man is laid.

 There’s one that in the church-yard lies
 For whom the bell did toll;
 He lies in consecrated ground,
 But for all the wealth in Bristol town
 I would not be with his soul!

 Did’st see a house below the hill
 That the winds and the rains destroy?
 ’Twas then a farm where he did dwell,
 And I remember it full well
 When I was a growing boy.

 And she was a poor parish girl
 That came up from the west,
 From service hard she ran away
 And at that house in evil day
 Was taken in to rest.

 The man he was a wicked man
 And an evil life he led;
 Rage made his cheek grow deadly white
 And his grey eyes were large and light,
 And in anger they grew red.

 The man was bad, the mother worse,
 Bad fruit of a bad stem,
 ’Twould make your hair to stand-on-end
 If I should tell to you my friend
 The things that were told of them!

 Did’st see an out-house standing by?
 The walls alone remain;
 It was a stable then, but now
 Its mossy roof has fallen through
 All rotted by the rain.

 The poor girl she had serv’d with them
 Some half-a-year, or more,
 When she was found hung up one day
 Stiff as a corpse and cold as clay
 Behind that stable door!

 It is a very lonesome place,
 No hut or house is near;
 Should one meet a murderer there alone
 ’Twere vain to scream, and the dying groan
 Would never reach mortal ear.

 And there were strange reports about
 That the coroner never guest.
 So he decreed that she should lie
 Where four roads meet in infamy,
 With a stake drove in her breast.

 Upon a board they carried her
 To the place where four roads met,
 And I was one among the throng
 That hither followed them along,
 I shall never the sight forget!

 They carried her upon a board
 In the cloaths in which she died;
 I saw the cap blow off her head,
 Her face was of a dark dark red
 Her eyes were starting wide:

 I think they could not have been closed
 So widely did they strain.
 I never saw so dreadful a sight,
 And it often made me wake at night,
 For I saw her face again.

 They laid her here where four roads meet.
 Beneath this very place,
 The earth upon her corpse was prest,
 This post is driven into her breast,
 And a stone is on her face.




The Sailor
who had served in the Slave Trade


In September, 1798, a Dissenting Minister of Bristol, discovered a
Sailor in the neighbourhood of that City, groaning and praying in a
hovel. The circumstance that occasioned his agony of mind is detailed
in the annexed Ballad, without the slightest addition or alteration. By
presenting it as a Poem the story is made more public, and such stories
ought to be made as public as possible.

He stopt,—it surely was a groan
 That from the hovel came!
 He stopt and listened anxiously
 Again it sounds the same.

 It surely from the hovel comes!
 And now he hastens there,
 And thence he hears the name of Christ
 Amidst a broken prayer.

 He entered in the hovel now,
 A sailor there he sees,
 His hands were lifted up to Heaven
 And he was on his knees.

 Nor did the Sailor so intent
 His entering footsteps heed,
 But now the Lord’s prayer said, and now
 His half-forgotten creed.

 And often on his Saviour call’d
 With many a bitter groan,
 In such heart-anguish as could spring
 From deepest guilt alone.

 He ask’d the miserable man
 Why he was kneeling there,
 And what the crime had been that caus’d
 The anguish of his prayer.

 Oh I have done a wicked thing!
 It haunts me night and day,
 And I have sought this lonely place
 Here undisturb’d to pray.

 I have no place to pray on board
 So I came here alone,
 That I might freely kneel and pray,
 And call on Christ and groan.

 If to the main-mast head I go,
 The wicked one is there,
 From place to place, from rope to rope,
 He follows every where.

 I shut my eyes,—it matters not—
 Still still the same I see,—
 And when I lie me down at night
 ’Tis always day with me.

 He follows follows every where,
 And every place is Hell!
 O God—and I must go with him
 In endless fire to dwell.

 He follows follows every where,
 He’s still above—below,
 Oh tell me where to fly from him!
 Oh tell me where to go!

 But tell me, quoth the Stranger then,
 What this thy crime hath been,
 So haply I may comfort give
 To one that grieves for sin.

 O I have done a cursed deed
 The wretched man replies,
 And night and day and every where
 ’Tis still before my eyes.

 I sail’d on board a Guinea-man
 And to the slave-coast went;
 Would that the sea had swallowed me
 When I was innocent!

 And we took in our cargo there,
 Three hundred negroe slaves,
 And we sail’d homeward merrily
 Over the ocean waves.

 But some were sulky of the slaves
 And would not touch their meat,
 So therefore we were forced by threats
 And blows to make them eat.

 One woman sulkier than the rest
 Would still refuse her food,—
 O Jesus God! I hear her cries—
 I see her in her blood!

 The Captain made me tie her up
 And flog while he stood by,
 And then he curs’d me if I staid
 My hand to hear her cry.

 She groan’d, she shriek’d—I could not spare
 For the Captain he stood by—
 Dear God! that I might rest one night
 From that poor woman’s cry!

 She twisted from the blows—her blood
 Her mangled flesh I see—
 And still the Captain would not spare—
 Oh he was worse than me!

 She could not be more glad than I
 When she was taken down,
 A blessed minute—’twas the last
 That I have ever known!

 I did not close my eyes all night,
 Thinking what I had done;
 I heard her groans and they grew faint
 About the rising sun.

 She groan’d and groan’d, but her groans grew
 Fainter at morning tide,
 Fainter and fainter still they came
 Till at the noon she died.

 They flung her overboard;—poor wretch
 She rested from her pain,—
 But when—O Christ! O blessed God!
 Shall I have rest again!

 I saw the sea close over her,
 Yet she was still in sight;
 I see her twisting every where;
 I see her day and night.

 Go where I will, do what I can
 The wicked one I see—
 Dear Christ have mercy on my soul,
 O God deliver me!

 To morrow I set sail again
 Not to the Negroe shore—
 Wretch that I am I will at least
 Commit that sin no more.

 O give me comfort if you can—
 Oh tell me where to fly—
 And bid me hope, if there be hope,
 For one so lost as I.

 Poor wretch, the stranger he replied,
 Put thou thy trust in heaven,
 And call on him for whose dear sake
 All sins shall be forgiven.

 This night at least is thine, go thou
 And seek the house of prayer,
 There shalt thou hear the word of God
 And he will help thee there!




Jaspar


The stories of the two following ballads are wholly imaginary. I may
say of each as John Bunyan did of his _Pilgrim’s Progress_,

_It came from mine own heart, so to my head,
 And thence into my fingers trickled;
 Then to my pen, from whence immediately
 On paper I did dribble it daintily._




Jaspar


Jaspar was poor, and want and vice
 Had made his heart like stone,
 And Jaspar look’d with envious eyes
 On riches not his own.

 On plunder bent abroad he went
 Towards the close of day,
 And loitered on the lonely road
 Impatient for his prey.

 No traveller came, he loiter’d long
 And often look’d around,
 And paus’d and listen’d eagerly
 To catch some coming sound.

 He sat him down beside the stream
 That crossed the lonely way,
 So fair a scene might well have charm’d
 All evil thoughts away;

 He sat beneath a willow tree
 That cast a trembling shade,
 The gentle river full in front
 A little island made,

 Where pleasantly the moon-beam shone
 Upon the poplar trees,
 Whose shadow on the stream below
 Play’d slowly to the breeze.

 He listen’d—and he heard the wind
 That waved the willow tree;
 He heard the waters flow along
 And murmur quietly.

 He listen’d for the traveller’s tread,
 The nightingale sung sweet,—
 He started up, for now he heard
 The sound of coming feet;

 He started up and graspt a stake
 And waited for his prey;
 There came a lonely traveller
 And Jaspar crost his way.

 But Jaspar’s threats and curses fail’d
 The traveller to appal,
 He would not lightly yield the purse
 That held his little all.

 Awhile he struggled, but he strove
 With Jaspar’s strength in vain;
 Beneath his blows he fell and groan’d,
 And never spoke again.

 He lifted up the murdered man
 And plunged him in the flood,
 And in the running waters then
 He cleansed his hands from blood.

 The waters closed around the corpse
 And cleansed his hands from gore,
 The willow waved, the stream flowed on
 And murmured as before.

 There was no human eye had seen
 The blood the murderer spilt,
 And Jaspar’s conscience never knew
 The avenging goad of guilt.

 And soon the ruffian had consum’d
 The gold he gain’d so ill,
 And years of secret guilt pass’d on
 And he was needy still.

 One eve beside the alehouse fire
 He sat as it befell,
 When in there came a labouring man
 Whom Jaspar knew full well.

 He sat him down by Jaspar’s side
 A melancholy man,
 For spite of honest toil, the world
 Went hard with Jonathan.

 His toil a little earn’d, and he
 With little was content,
 But sickness on his wife had fallen
 And all he had was spent.

 Then with his wife and little ones
 He shared the scanty meal,
 And saw their looks of wretchedness,
 And felt what wretches feel.

 That very morn the Landlord’s power
 Had seized the little left,
 And now the sufferer found himself
 Of every thing bereft.

 He lent his head upon his hand,
 His elbow on his knee,
 And so by Jaspar’s side he sat
 And not a word said he.

 Nay—why so downcast? Jaspar cried,
 Come—cheer up Jonathan!
 Drink neighbour drink! ’twill warm thy heart,
 Come! come! take courage man!

 He took the cup that Jaspar gave
 And down he drain’d it *quic
 I have a wife, said Jonathan,
 And she is deadly sick.

 She has no bed to lie upon,
 I saw them take her bed.
 And I have children—would to God
 That they and I were dead!

 Our Landlord he goes home to night
 And he will sleep in peace.
 I would that I were in my grave
 For there all troubles cease.

 In vain I pray’d him to forbear
 Tho’ wealth enough has he—
 God be to him as merciless
 As he has been to me!

 When Jaspar saw the poor man’s soul
 On all his ills intent,
 He plied him with the heartening cup
 And with him forth he went.

 This landlord on his homeward road
 ’Twere easy now to meet.
 The road is lonesome—Jonathan,
 And vengeance, man! is sweet.

 He listen’d to the tempter’s voice
 The thought it made him start.
 His head was hot, and wretchedness
 Had hardened now his heart.

 Along the lonely road they went
 And waited for their prey,
 They sat them down beside the stream
 That crossed the lonely way.

 They sat them down beside the stream
 And never a word they said,
 They sat and listen’d silently
 To hear the traveller’s tread.

 The night was calm, the night was dark,
 No star was in the sky,
 The wind it waved the willow boughs,
 The stream flowed quietly.

 The night was calm, the air was still,
 Sweet sung the nightingale,
 The soul of Jonathan was sooth’d,
 His heart began to fail.

 ’Tis weary waiting here, he cried,
 And now the hour is late,—
 Methinks he will not come to night,
 ’Tis useless more to wait.

 Have patience man! the ruffian said,
 A little we may wait,
 But longer shall his wife expect
 Her husband at the gate.

 Then Jonathan grew sick at heart,
 My conscience yet is clear,
 Jaspar—it is not yet too late—
 I will not linger here.

 How now! cried Jaspar, why I thought
 Thy conscience was asleep.
 No more such qualms, the night is dark,
 The river here is deep,

 What matters that, said Jonathan,
 Whose blood began to freeze,
 When there is one above whose eye
 The deeds of darkness sees?

 We are safe enough, said Jaspar then
 If that be all thy fear;
 Nor eye below, nor eye above
 Can pierce the darkness here.

 That instant as the murderer spake
 There came a sudden light;
 Strong as the mid-day sun it shone,
 Though all around was night.

 It hung upon the willow tree,
 It hung upon the flood,
 It gave to view the poplar isle
 And all the scene of blood.

 The traveller who journies there
 He surely has espied
 A madman who has made his home
 Upon the river’s side.

 His cheek is pale, his eye is wild,
 His look bespeaks despair;
 For Jaspar since that hour has made
 His home unshelter’d there.

 And fearful are his dreams at night
 And dread to him the day;
 He thinks upon his untold crime
 And never dares to pray.

 The summer suns, the winter storms,
 O’er him unheeded roll,
 For heavy is the weight of blood
 Upon the maniac’s soul.


Lord William

No eye beheld when William plunged
 Young Edmund in the stream,
 No human ear but William’s heard
 Young Edmund’s drowning scream.

 Submissive all the vassals own’d
 The murderer for their Lord,
 And he, the rightful heir, possessed
 The house of Erlingford.

 The ancient house of Erlingford
 Stood midst a fair domain,
 And Severn’s ample waters near
 Roll’d through the fertile plain.

 And often the way-faring man
 Would love to linger there,
 Forgetful of his onward road
 To gaze on scenes so fair.

 But never could Lord William dare
 To gaze on Severn’s stream;
 In every wind that swept its waves
 He heard young Edmund scream.

 In vain at midnight’s silent hour
 Sleep closed the murderer’s eyes,
 In every dream the murderer saw
 Young Edmund’s form arise.

 In vain by restless conscience driven
 Lord William left his home,
 Far from the scenes that saw his guilt,
 In pilgrimage to roam.

 To other climes the pilgrim fled,
 But could not fly despair,
 He sought his home again, but peace
 Was still a stranger there.

 Each hour was tedious long, yet swift
 The months appear’d to roll;
 And now the day return’d that shook
 With terror William’s soul.

 A day that William never felt
 Return without dismay,
 For well had conscience kalendered
 Young Edmund’s dying day.

 A fearful day was that! the rains
 Fell fast, with tempest roar,
 And the swoln tide of Severn spread
 Far on the level shore.

 In vain Lord William sought the feast
 In vain he quaff’d the bowl,
 And strove with noisy mirth to drown
 The anguish of his soul.

 The tempest as its sudden swell
 In gusty howlings came,
 With cold and death-like feelings seem’d
 To thrill his shuddering frame.

 Reluctant now, as night came on,
 His lonely couch he prest,
 And wearied out, he sunk to sleep,
 To sleep, but not to rest.

 Beside that couch his brother’s form
 Lord Edmund seem’d to stand,
 Such and so pale as when in death
 He grasp’d his brother’s hand;

 Such and so pale his face as when
 With faint and faltering tongue,
 To William’s care, a dying charge
 He left his orphan son.

 “I bade thee with a father’s love
 My orphan Edmund guard—
 Well William hast thou kept thy charge!
 Now take thy due reward.”

 He started up, each limb convuls’d
 With agonizing fear,
 He only heard the storm of night—
 ’Twas music to his ear.

 When lo! the voice of loud alarm
 His inmost soul appals,
 What ho! Lord William rise in haste!
 The water saps thy walls!

 He rose in haste, beneath the walls
 He saw the flood appear,
 It hemm’d him round, ’twas midnight now,
 No human aid was near.

 He heard the shout of joy, for now
 A boat approach’d the wall,
 And eager to the welcome aid
 They crowd for safety all.

 My boat is small, the boatman cried,
 This dangerous haste forbear!
 Wait other aid, this little bark
 But one from hence can bear.

 Lord William leap’d into the boat,
 Haste—haste to yonder shore!
 And ample wealth shall well reward,
 Ply swift and strong the oar.

 The boatman plied the oar, the boat
 Went light along the stream,
 Sudden Lord William heard a cry
 Like Edmund’s drowning scream.

 The boatman paus’d, methought I heard
 A child’s distressful cry!
 ’Twas but the howling wind of night
 Lord William made reply.

 Haste haste—ply swift and strong the oar!
 Haste haste across the stream!
 Again Lord William heard a cry
 Like Edmund’s drowning scream.

 I heard a child’s distressful scream
 The boatman cried again.
 Nay hasten on—the night is dark—
 And we should search in vain.

 Oh God! Lord William dost thou know
 How dreadful ’tis to die?
 And can’st thou without pity hear
 A child’s expiring cry?

 How horrible it is to sink
 Beneath the chilly stream,
 To stretch the powerless arms in vain,
 In vain for help to scream?

 The shriek again was heard. It came
 More deep, more piercing loud,
 That instant o’er the flood the moon
 Shone through a broken cloud.

 And near them they beheld a child,
 Upon a crag he stood,
 A little crag, and all around
 Was spread the rising flood.

 The boatman plied the oar, the boat
 Approach’d his resting place,
 The moon-beam shone upon the child
 And show’d how pale his face.

 Now reach thine hand! the boatman cried
 Lord William reach and save!
 The child stretch’d forth his little hands
 To grasp the hand he gave.

 Then William shriek’d; the hand he touch’d
 Was cold and damp and dead!
 He felt young Edmund in his arms
 A heavier weight than lead.

 The boat sunk down, the murderer sunk
 Beneath the avenging stream;
 He rose, he scream’d, no human ear
 Heard William’s drowning scream.


A Ballad, Shewing how an old Woman rode Double, and who rode before
her.


heavy black illustration (woodcut) of the title ­ worth seeing!

A.D. 852. Circa dies istos, mulier quædam malefica, in villâ quæ
Berkeleia dicitur degens, gulæ amatrix ac petulantiæ, flagitiis modum
usque in senium et auguriis non ponens, usque ad mortem impudica
permansit. Hæc die quadam cum sederet ad prandium, cornicula quam pro
delitiis pascebat, nescio quid garrire coepit; quo audito, mulieris
cultellus de manu excidit, simul et facies pallescere coepit, et emisso
rugitu, hodie, inquit, accipiam grande incommodum, hodieque ad sulcum
ultimum meum pervenit aratrum. quo dicto, nuncius doloris intravit;
muliere vero percunctatâ ad quid veniret, affero, inquit, tibi filii
tui obitum & totius familiæ ejus ex subitâ ruinâ interitum. Hoc quoque
dolore mulier permota, lecto protinus decubuit graviter infirmata;
sentiensque morbum subrepere ad vitalia, liberos quos habuit
superstites, monachum videlicet et monacham, per epistolam invitavit;
advenientes autem voce singultiente alloquitur. Ego, inquit, o pueri,
meo miserabili fato dæmoniacis semper artibus inservivi; ego omnium
vitiorum sentina, ego illecebrarum omnium fui magistra. Erat tamen mihi
inter hæc mala, spes vestræ religionis, quæ meam solidaret animam
desperatam; vos expctabam propugnatores contra dæmones, tutores contra
sævissimos hostes. Nunc igitur quoniam ad finem vitæ perveni, rogo vos
per materna ubera, ut mea tentatis alleviare tormenta. Insuite me
defunctam in corio cervino, ac deinde in sarcophago lapideo supponite,
operculumque ferro et plumbo constringite, ac demum lapidem tribus
cathenis ferreis et fortissimis circundantes, clericos quinquaginta
psalmorum cantores, et tot per tres dies presbyteros missarum
celebratores applicate, qui feroces lenigent adversariorum incursus.
Ita si tribus noctibus secura jacuero, quartâ die me infodite humo.
Factumque est ut præceperat illis. Sed, proh dolor! nil preces, nil
lacrymæ, nil demum valuere catenæ. Primis enim duabus noctibus, cum
chori psallentium corpori assistabant, advenientes Dæmones ostium
ecclesiæ confregerunt ingenti obice clausum, extremasque cathenas
negotio levi dirumpunt: media autem quæ fortior erat, illibata manebat.
Tertiâ autem nocte, circa gallicinium, strepitu hostium adventantium,
omne monasterium visum est a fundamento moveri. Unus ergo dæmonum, et
vultu cæteris terribilior & staturâ eminentior, januas Ecclesiæ; impetu
violento concussas in fragmenta dejecit. Divexerunt clerici cum laicis,
metu stelerunt omnium capilli, et psalmorum concentus defecit. Dæmon
ergo gestu ut videbatur arroganti ad sepulchrum accedens, & nomen
mulieris modicum ingeminans, surgere imperavit. Quâ respondente, quod
nequiret pro vinculis, jam malo tuo, inquit, solveris; et protinus
cathenam quæ cæterorum ferociam dæmonum deluserat, velut stuppeum
vinculum rumpebat. Operculum etiam sepulchri pede depellens, mulierem
palam omnibus ab ecclesiâ extraxit, ubi præ foribus niger equus superbe
hinniens videbatur, uncis ferreis et clavis undique confixus, super
quem misera mulier projecta, ab oculis assistentium evanuit.
Audiebantur tamen clamores per quatuor fere miliaria horribiles,
auxilium postulantes.

Ista itaque quæ retuli incredibilia non erunt, si legatur beati
Gregorii dialogus, in quo refert, hominem in ecclesiâ sepultam, a
dæmonibus foras ejectum. Et apud Francos Carolus Martellus insignis vir
fortudinis, qui Saracenos Galliam ingressos, Hispaniam redire compulit,
exactis vitæ suæ diebus, in Ecclesiâ beati Dionysii legitur fuisse
sepultus. Sed quia patrimonia, cum decimis omnium fere ecclesiarum
Galliæ, pro stipendio commilitonum suorum mutilaverat, miserabiliter a
malignis spiritibus de sepulchro corporaliter avulsus, usque in
hodiernum diem nusquam comparuit.

_Matthew of Westminster_.

 This story is also related by Olaus Magnus, and in the _Nuremberg
 Chronicle_, from which the wooden cut is taken.






 A Ballad, Shewing how an old Woman rode Double, and who rode before
 her.

The Raven croak’d as she sate at her meal,
 And the Old Woman knew what he said,
 And she grew pale at the Raven’s tale,
 And sicken’d and went to her bed.

 Now fetch me my children, and fetch them with speed,
 The Old Woman of Berkeley said,
 The monk my son, and my daughter the nun
 Bid them hasten or I shall be dead.

 The monk her son, and her daughter the nun,
 Their way to Berkeley went,
 And they have brought with pious thought
 The holy sacrament.

 The old Woman shriek’d as they entered her door,
 ’Twas fearful her shrieks to hear,
 Now take the sacrament away
 For mercy, my children dear!

 Her lip it trembled with agony,
 The sweat ran down her brow,
 I have tortures in store for evermore,
 Oh! spare me my children now!

 Away they sent the sacrament,
 The fit it left her weak,
 She look’d at her children with ghastly eyes
 And faintly struggled to speak.

 All kind of sin I have rioted in
 And the judgment now must be,
 But I secured my childrens souls,
 Oh! pray my children for me.

 I have suck’d the breath of sleeping babes,
 The fiends have been my slaves,
 I have nointed myself with infants fat,
 And feasted on rifled graves.

 And the fiend will fetch me now in fire
 My witchcrafts to atone,
 And I who have rifled the dead man’s grave
 Shall never have rest in my own.

 Bless I intreat my winding sheet
 My children I beg of you!
 And with holy water sprinkle my shroud
 And sprinkle my coffin too.

 And let me be chain’d in my coffin of stone
 And fasten it strong I implore
 With iron bars, and let it be chain’d
 With three chains to the church floor.

 And bless the chains and sprinkle them,
 And let fifty priests stand round,
 Who night and day the mass may say
 Where I lie on the ground.

 And let fifty choristers be there
 The funeral dirge to sing,
 Who day and night by the taper’s light
 Their aid to me may bring.

 Let the church bells all both great and small
 Be toll’d by night and day,
 To drive from thence the fiends who come
 To bear my corpse away.

 And ever have the church door barr’d
 After the even song,
 And I beseech you children dear
 Let the bars and bolts be strong.

 And let this be three days and nights
 My wretched corpse to save,
 Preserve me so long from the fiendish throng
 And then I may rest in my grave.

 The Old Woman of Berkeley laid her down
 And her eyes grew deadly dim,
 Short came her breath and the struggle of death
 Did loosen every limb.

 They blest the old woman’s winding sheet
 With rites and prayers as due,
 With holy water they sprinkled her shroud
 And they sprinkled her coffin too.

 And they chain’d her in her coffin of stone
 And with iron barr’d it down,
 And in the church with three strong chains
 They chain’d it to the ground.

 And they blest the chains and sprinkled them,
 And fifty priests stood round,
 By night and day the mass to say
 Where she lay on the ground.

 And fifty choristers were there
 To sing the funeral song,
 And a hallowed taper blazed in the hand
 Of all the sacred throng.

 To see the priests and choristers
 It was a goodly sight,
 Each holding, as it were a staff,
 A taper burning bright.

 And the church bells all both great and small
 Did toll so loud and long,
 And they have barr’d the church door hard
 After the even song.

 And the first night the taper’s light
 Burnt steadily and clear.
 But they without a hideous rout
 Of angry fiends could hear;

 A hideous roar at the church door
 Like a long thunder peal,
 And the priests they pray’d and the choristers sung
 Louder in fearful zeal.

 Loud toll’d the bell, the priests pray’d well,
 The tapers they burnt bright,
 The monk her son, and her daughter the nun
 They told their beads all night.

 The cock he crew, away they flew
 The fiends from the herald of day,
 And undisturb’d the choristers sing
 And the fifty priests they pray.

 The second night the taper’s light
 Burnt dismally and blue,
 And every one saw his neighbour’s face
 Like a dead man’s face to view.

 And yells and cries without arise
 That the stoutest heart might shock,
 And a deafening roaring like a cataract pouring
 Over a mountain rock.

 The monk and nun they told their beads
 As fast as they could tell,
 And aye as louder grew the noise
 The faster went the bell.

 Louder and louder the choristers sung
 As they trembled more and more,
 And the fifty priests prayed to heaven for aid,
 They never had prayed so before.

 The cock he crew, away they flew
 The fiends from the herald of day,
 And undisturb’d the choristers sing
 And the fifty priests they pray.

 The third night came and the tapers flame
 A hideous stench did make,
 And they burnt as though they had been dipt
 In the burning brimstone lake.

 And the loud commotion, like the rushing of ocean,
 Grew momently more and more,
 And strokes as of a battering ram
 Did shake the strong church door.

 The bellmen they for very fear
 Could toll the bell no longer,
 And still as louder grew the strokes
 Their fear it grew the stronger.

 The monk and nun forgot their beads,
 They fell on the ground dismay’d,
 There was not a single saint in heaven
 Whom they did not call to aid.

 And the choristers song that late was so strong
 Grew a quaver of consternation,
 For the church did rock as an earthquake shock
 Uplifted its foundation.

 And a sound was heard like the trumpet’s blast
 That shall one day wake the dead,
 The strong church door could bear no more
 And the bolts and the bars they fled.

 And the taper’s light was extinguish’d quite,
 And the choristers faintly sung,
 And the priests dismay’d, panted and prayed
 Till fear froze every tongue.

 And in He came with eyes of flame
 The Fiend to fetch the dead,
 And all the church with his presence glowed
 Like a fiery furnace red.

 He laid his hand on the iron chains
 And like flax they moulder’d asunder,
 And the coffin lid that was barr’d so firm
 He burst with his voice of thunder.

 And he bade the Old Woman of Berkeley rise
 And come with her master away,
 And the cold sweat stood on the cold cold corpse,
 At the voice she was forced to obey.

 She rose on her feet in her winding sheet,
 Her dead flesh quivered with fear,
 And a groan like that which the Old Woman gave
 Never did mortal hear.

 She followed the fiend to the church door,
 There stood a black horse there,
 His breath was red like furnace smoke,
 His eyes like a meteor’s glare.

 The fiendish force flung her on the horse
 And he leapt up before,
 And away like the lightning’s speed they went
 And she was seen no more.

 They saw her no more, but her cries and shrieks
 For four miles round they could hear,
 And children at rest at their mother’s breast,
 Started and screamed with fear.


The Surgeon’s Warning

The subject of this parody was given me by a friend, to whom also I am
indebted for some of the stanzas.

Respecting the patent coffins herein mentioned, after the manner of
Catholic Poets, who confess the actions they attribute to their Saints
and Deity to be but fiction, I hereby declare that it is by no means my
design to depreciate that useful invention; and all persons to whom
this Ballad shall come are requested to take notice, that nothing here
asserted concerning the aforesaid Coffins is true, except that the
maker and patentee lives by St. Martin’s Lane.

The Doctor whispered to the Nurse
 And the Surgeon knew what he said,
And he grew pale at the Doctor’s tale
 And trembled in his sick bed.

 Now fetch me my brethren and fetch them with speed
 The Surgeon affrighted said,
The Parson and the Undertaker,
 Let them hasten or I shall be dead.

 The Parson and the Undertaker
 They hastily came complying,
And the Surgeon’s Prentices ran up stairs
 When they heard that their master was dying.

 The Prentices all they entered the room
 By one, by two, by three,
With a sly grin came Joseph in,
 First of the company.

 The Surgeon swore as they enter’d his door,
 ’Twas fearful his oaths to hear,—
Now send these scoundrels to the Devil,
 For God’s sake my brethren dear.

 He foam’d at the mouth with the rage he felt
 And he wrinkled his black eye-brow,
That rascal Joe would be at me I know,
 But zounds let him spare me now.

 Then out they sent the Prentices,
 The fit it left him weak,
He look’d at his brothers with ghastly eyes,
 And faintly struggled to speak.

 All kinds of carcasses I have cut up,
 And the judgment now must be—
But brothers I took care of you,
 So pray take care of me!

 I have made candles of infants fat
 The Sextons have been my slaves,
I have bottled babes unborn, and dried
 Hearts and livers from rifled graves.

 And my Prentices now will surely come
 And carve me bone from bone,
And I who have rifled the dead man’s grave
 Shall never have rest in my own.

 Bury me in lead when I am dead,
 My brethren I intreat,
And see the coffin weigh’d I beg
 Lest the Plumber should be a cheat.

 And let it be solder’d closely down
 Strong as strong can be I implore,
And put it in a patent coffin,
 That I may rise no more.

 If they carry me off in the patent coffin
 Their labour will be in vain,
Let the Undertaker see it bought of the maker
 Who lives by St. Martin’s lane.

 And bury me in my brother’s church
 For that will safer be,
And I implore lock the church door
 And pray take care of the key.

 And all night long let three stout men
 The vestry watch within,
To each man give a gallon of beer
 And a keg of Holland’s gin;

 Powder and ball and blunder-buss
 To save me if he can,
And eke five guineas if he shoot
 A resurrection man.

 And let them watch me for three weeks
 My wretched corpse to save,
For then I think that I may stink
 Enough to rest in my grave.

 The Surgeon laid him down in his bed,
 His eyes grew deadly dim,
Short came his breath and the struggle of death
 Distorted every limb.

 They put him in lead when he was dead
 And shrouded up so neat,
And they the leaden coffin weigh
 Lest the Plumber should be a cheat.

 They had it solder’d closely down
 And examined it o’er and o’er,
And they put it in a patent coffin
 That he might rise no more.

 For to carry him off in a patent coffin
 Would they thought be but labour in vain,
So the Undertaker saw it bought of the maker
 Who lives by St. Martin’s lane.

 In his brother’s church they buried him
 That safer he might be,
They lock’d the door and would not trust
 The Sexton with the key.

 And three men in the vestry watch
 To save him if they can,
And should he come there to shoot they swear
 A resurrection man.

 And the first night by lanthorn light
 Thro’ the church-yard as they went,
A guinea of gold the sexton shewed
 That Mister Joseph sent.

 But conscience was tough, it was not enough
 And their honesty never swerved,
And they bade him go with Mister Joe
 To the Devil as he deserved.

 So all night long by the vestry fire
 They quaff’d their gin and ale,
And they did drink as you may think
 And told full many a tale.

 The second night by lanthorn light
 Thro’ the church-yard as they went,
He whisper’d anew and shew’d them two
 That Mister Joseph sent.

 The guineas were bright and attracted their sight
 They look’d so heavy and new,
And their fingers itch’d as they were bewitch’d
 And they knew not what to do.

 But they waver’d not long for conscience was strong
 And they thought they might get more,
And they refused the gold, but not
 So rudely as before.

 So all night long by the vestry fire
 They quaff’d their gin and ale,
And they did drink as you may think
 And told full many a tale.

 The third night as by lanthorn light
 Thro’ the church-yard they went,
He bade them see and shew’d them three
 That Mister Joseph sent.

 They look’d askance with eager glance,
 The guineas they shone bright,
For the Sexton on the yellow gold
 Let fall his lanthorn light.

 And he look’d sly with his roguish eye
 And gave a well-tim’d wink,
And they could not stand the sound in his hand
 For he made the guineas chink.

 And conscience late that had such weight,
 All in a moment fails,
For well they knew that it was true
 A dead man told no tales,

 And they gave all their powder and ball
 And took the gold so bright,
And they drank their beer and made good cheer,
 Till now it was midnight.

 Then, tho’ the key of the church door
 Was left with the Parson his brother,
It opened at the Sexton’s touch—
 Because he had another.

 And in they go with that villain Joe
 To fetch the body by night,
And all the church look’d dismally
 By his dark lanthorn light.

 They laid the pick-axe to the stones
 And they moved them soon asunder.
They shovell’d away the hard-prest clay
 And came to the coffin under.

 They burst the patent coffin first
 And they cut thro’ the lead,
And they laugh’d aloud when they saw the shroud
 Because they had got at the dead.

 And they allowed the Sexton the shroud
 And they put the coffin back,
And nose and knees they then did squeeze
 The Surgeon in a sack.

 The watchmen as they past along
 Full four yards off could smell,
And a curse bestowed upon the load
 So disagreeable.

 So they carried the sack a-pick-a-back
 And they carv’d him bone from bone,
But what became of the Surgeon’s soul
 Was never to mortal known.


The Victory

Hark—how the church-bells thundering harmony
 Stuns the glad ear! tidings of joy have come,
 Good tidings of great joy! two gallant ships
 Met on the element,—they met, they fought
 A desperate fight!—good tidings of great joy!
 Old England triumphed! yet another day
 Of glory for the ruler of the waves!
 For those who fell, ’twas in their country’s cause,
 They have their passing paragraphs of praise
 And are forgotten.
 There was one who died
 In that day’s glory, whose obscurer name
 No proud historian’s page will chronicle.
 Peace to his honest soul! I read his name,
 ’Twas in the list of slaughter, and blest God
 The sound was not familiar to mine ear.
 But it was told me after that this man
 Was one whom lawful violence1 had forced
 From his own home and wife and little ones,
 Who by his labour lived; that he was one
 Whose uncorrupted heart could keenly feel
 A husband’s love, a father’s anxiousness,
 That from the wages of his toil he fed
 The distant dear ones, and would talk of them
 At midnight when he trod the silent deck
 With him he valued, talk of them, of joys
 That he had known—oh God! and of the hour
 When they should meet again, till his full heart
 His manly heart at last would overflow
 Even like a child’s with very tenderness.
 Peace to his honest spirit! suddenly
 It came, and merciful the ball of death,
 For it came suddenly and shattered him,
 And left no moment’s agonizing thought
 On those he loved so well.
 He ocean deep
 Now lies at rest. Be Thou her comforter
 Who art the widow’s friend! Man does not know
 What a cold sickness made her blood run back
 When first she heard the tidings of the fight;
 Man does not know with what a dreadful hope
 She listened to the names of those who died,
 Man does not know, or knowing will not heed,
 With what an agony of tenderness
 She gazed upon her children, and beheld
 His image who was gone. Oh God! be thou
 Her comforter who art the widow’s friend!


Footnote 1: The person alluded to was pressed into the service
return to footnote mark



Henry the Hermit

 It was a little island where he dwelt,
 Or rather a lone rock, barren and bleak,
 Short scanty herbage spotting with dark spots
 Its gray stone surface. Never mariner
 Approach’d that rude and uninviting coast,
 Nor ever fisherman his lonely bark
 Anchored beside its shore. It was a place
 Befitting well a rigid anchoret,
 Dead to the hopes, and vanities, and joys
 And purposes of life; and he had dwelt
 Many long years upon that lonely isle,
 For in ripe manhood he abandoned arms,
 Honours and friends and country and the world,
 And had grown old in solitude. That isle
 Some solitary man in other times
 Had made his dwelling-place; and Henry found
 The little chapel that his toil had built
 Now by the storms unroofed, his bed of leaves
 Wind-scattered, and his grave o’ergrown with grass,
 And thistles, whose white seeds winged in vain
 Withered on rocks, or in the waves were lost.
 So he repaired the chapel’s ruined roof,
 Clear’d the grey lichens from the altar-stone,
 And underneath a rock that shelter’d him
 From the sea blasts, he built his hermitage.

 The peasants from the shore would bring him food
 And beg his prayers; but human converse else
 He knew not in that utter solitude,
 Nor ever visited the haunts of men
 Save when some sinful wretch on a sick bed
 Implored his blessing and his aid in death.
 That summons he delayed not to obey,
 Tho’ the night tempest or autumnal wind.
 Maddened the waves, and tho’ the mariner,
 Albeit relying on his saintly load,
 Grew pale to see the peril. So he lived
 A most austere and self-denying man,
 Till abstinence, and age, and watchfulness
 Exhausted him, and it was pain at last
 To rise at midnight from his bed of leaves
 And bend his knees in prayer. Yet not the less
 Tho’ with reluctance of infirmity,
 He rose at midnight from his bed of leaves
 And bent his knees in prayer; but with more zeal
 More self-condemning fervour rais’d his voice
 For pardon for that sin, till that the sin
 Repented was a joy like a good deed.

 One night upon the shore his chapel bell
 Was heard; the air was calm, and its far sounds
 Over the water came distinct and loud.
 Alarmed at that unusual hour to hear
 Its toll irregular, a monk arose.
 The boatmen bore him willingly across
 For well the hermit Henry was beloved.
 He hastened to the chapel, on a stone
 Henry was sitting there, cold, stiff and dead,
 The bell-rope in his band, and at his feet
 The lamp1 that stream’d a long unsteady light

Footnote 1: This story is related in the English Martyrology, 1608.


English Eclogues


The following Eclogues I believe, bear no resemblance to any poems in
our language. This species of composition has become popular in
Germany, and I was induced to attempt by an account of the German
Idylls given me in conversation. They cannot properly be stiled
imitations, as I am ignorant of that language at present, and have
never seen any translations or specimens in this kind.

With bad Eclogues I am sufficiently acquainted, from ??tyrus1 and
Corydon down to our English Strephons and Thirsises. No kind of poetry
can boast of more illustrious names or is more distinguished by the
servile dulness of imitated nonsense. Pastoral writers “more silly than
their sheep” have like their sheep gone on in the same track one after
another. Gay stumbled into a new path. His eclogues were the only ones
that interested me when I was a boy, and did not know they were
burlesque. The subject would furnish matter for a long essay, but this
is not the place for it.

How far poems requiring almost a colloquial plainness of language may
accord with the public taste I am doubtful. They have been subjected to
able criticism and revised with care. I have endeavoured to make them
true to nature.


Footnote 1: The letters of this name are illegible (worn away?) in the
original text; from the remaining bits I have guessed all but the first
two, which are not visible under any magnification. html Ed.
return to footnote mark


Eclogue I ­ The Old Mansion House

 _Stranger_.
 Old friend! why you seem bent on parish duty,
 Breaking the highway stones,—and ’tis a task
 Somewhat too hard methinks for age like yours.

_Old Man_.
 Why yes! for one with such a weight of years
 Upon his back. I’ve lived here, man and boy,
 In this same parish, near the age of man
 For I am hard upon threescore and ten.
 I can remember sixty years ago
 The beautifying of this mansion here
 When my late Lady’s father, the old Squire
 Came to the estate.

_Stranger_.
 Why then you have outlasted
 All his improvements, for you see they’re making
 Great alterations here.

_Old Man_.
 Aye-great indeed!
 And if my poor old Lady could rise up—
 God rest her soul! ’twould grieve her to behold
 The wicked work is here.

_Stranger_.
 They’ve set about it
 In right good earnest. All the front is gone,
 Here’s to be turf they tell me, and a road
 Round to the door. There were some yew trees too
 Stood in the court.

_Old Man_.
 Aye Master! fine old trees!
 My grandfather could just remember back
 When they were planted there. It was my task
 To keep them trimm’d, and ’twas a pleasure to me!
 All strait and smooth, and like a great green wall!
 My poor old Lady many a time would come
 And tell me where to shear, for she had played
 In childhood under them, and ’twas her pride
 To keep them in their beauty. Plague I say
 On their new-fangled whimsies! we shall have
 A modern shrubbery here stuck full of firs
 And your pert poplar trees;—I could as soon
 Have plough’d my father’s grave as cut them down!

_Stranger_.
 But ’twill be lighter and more chearful now,
 A fine smooth turf, and with a gravel road
 Round for the carriage,—now it suits my taste.
 I like a shrubbery too, it looks so fresh,
 And then there’s some variety about it.
 In spring the lilac and the gueldres rose,
 And the laburnum with its golden flowers
 Waving in the wind. And when the autumn comes
 The bright red berries of the mountain ash,
 With firs enough in winter to look green,
 And show that something lives. Sure this is better
 Than a great hedge of yew that makes it look
 All the year round like winter, and for ever
 Dropping its poisonous leaves from the under boughs
 So dry and bare!

_Old Man_.
 Ah! so the new Squire thinks
 And pretty work he makes of it! what ’tis
 To have a stranger come to an old house!

_Stranger_.
 It seems you know him not?

_Old Man_.
 No Sir, not I.
 They tell me he’s expected daily now,
 But in my Lady’s time he never came
 But once, for they were very distant kin.
 If he had played about here when a child
 In that fore court, and eat the yew-berries,
 And sat in the porch threading the jessamine flowers,
 That fell so thick, he had not had the heart
 To mar all thus.

_Stranger_.
 Come—come! all a not wrong.
 Those old dark windows—

_Old Man_.
 They’re demolish’d too—
 As if he could not see thro’ casement glass!
 The very red-breasts that so regular
 Came to my Lady for her morning crumbs,
 Won’t know the window now!

_Stranger_.
 Nay they were high
 And then so darken’d up with jessamine,
 Harbouring the vermine;—that was a fine tree
 However. Did it not grow in and line
 The porch?

_Old Man_.
 All over it: it did one good
 To pass within ten yards when ’twas in blossom.
 There was a sweet-briar too that grew beside.
 My Lady loved at evening to sit there
 And knit; and her old dog lay at her feet
 And slept in the sun; ’twas an old favourite dog
 She did not love him less that he was old
 And feeble, and he always had a place
 By the fire-side, and when he died at last
 She made me dig a grave in the garden for him.
 Ah I she was good to all! a woful day
 ’Twas for the poor when to her grave she went!

_Stranger_.
 They lost a friend then?

_Old Man_.
 You’re a stranger here
 Or would not ask that question. Were they sick?
 She had rare cordial waters, and for herbs
 She could have taught the Doctors. Then at winter
 When weekly she distributed the bread
 In the poor old porch, to see her and to hear
 The blessings on her! and I warrant them
 They were a blessing to her when her wealth
 Had been no comfort else. At Christmas, Sir!
 It would have warm’d your heart if you had seen
 Her Christmas kitchen,—how the blazing fire
 Made her fine pewter shine, and holly boughs
 So chearful red,—and as for misseltoe,
 The finest bough that grew in the country round
 Was mark’d for Madam. Then her old ale went
 So bountiful about! a Christmas cask,
 And ’twas a noble one! God help me Sir!
 But I shall never see such days again.

_Stranger_.
 Things may be better yet than you suppose
 And you should hope the best.

_Old Man_.
 It don’t look well
 These alterations Sir! I’m an old man
 And love the good old fashions; we don’t find
 Old bounty in new houses. They’ve destroyed
 All that my Lady loved; her favourite walk
 Grubb’d up, and they do say that the great row
 Of elms behind the house, that meet a-top
 They must fall too. Well! well! I did not think
 To live to see all this, and ’tis perhaps
 A comfort I shan’t live to see it long.

_Stranger_.
 But sure all changes are not needs for the worse
 My friend.

_Old Man_.
 May-hap they mayn’t Sir;—for all that
 I like what I’ve been us’d to. I remember
 All this from a child up, and now to lose it,
 ’Tis losing an old friend. There’s nothing left
 As ’twas;—I go abroad and only meet
 With men whose fathers I remember boys;
 The brook that used to run before my door
 That’s gone to the great pond; the trees I learnt
 To climb are down; and I see nothing now
 That tells me of old times, except the stones
 In the church-yard. You are young Sir and I hope
 Have many years in store,—but pray to God
 You mayn’t be left the last of all your friends.

_Stranger_.
 Well! well! you’ve one friend more than you’re aware of.
 If the Squire’s taste don’t suit with your’s, I warrant
 That’s all you’ll quarrel with: walk in and taste
 His beer, old friend! and see if your old Lady
 E’er broached a better cask. You did not know me,
 But we’re acquainted now. ’Twould not be easy
 To make you like the outside; but within—
 That is not changed my friend! you’ll always find
 The same old bounty and old welcome there.


Eclogue II ­The Grandmother’s Tale

 _Jane_.
 Harry! I’m tired of playing. We’ll draw round
 The fire, and Grandmamma perhaps will tell us
 One of her stories.

_Harry_.
 Aye—dear Grandmamma!
 A pretty story! something dismal now;
 A bloody murder.

_Jane_.
 Or about a ghost.

_Grandmother_.
 Nay, nay, I should but frighten you. You know
 The other night when I was telling you
 About the light in the church-yard, how you trembled
 Because the screech-owl hooted at the window,
 And would not go to bed.

_Jane_.
 Why Grandmamma
 You said yourself you did not like to hear him.
 Pray now! we wo’nt be frightened.


_Grandmother_.
 Well, well, children!
 But you’ve heard all my stories. Let me see,—
 Did I never tell you how the smuggler murdered
 The woman down at Pill?


_Harry_.
 No—never! never!


_Grandmother_.
 Not how he cut her head off in the stable?


_Harry_.
 Oh—now! do tell us that!

_Grandmother_.
 You must have heard
 Your Mother, children! often tell of her.
 She used to weed in the garden here, and worm
 Your uncle’s dogs1, and serve the house with coal;
 And glad enough she was in winter time
 To drive her asses here! it was cold work
 To follow the slow beasts thro’ sleet and snow,
 And here she found a comfortable meal
 And a brave fire to thaw her, for poor Moll
 Was always welcome.


_Harry_.
 Oh—’twas blear-eyed Moll
 The collier woman,—a great ugly woman,
 I’ve heard of her.

_Grandmother_.
 Ugly enough poor soul!
 At ten yards distance you could hardly tell
 If it were man or woman, for her voice
 Was rough as our old mastiff’s, and she wore
 A man’s old coat and hat,—and then her face!
 There was a merry story told of her,
 How when the press-gang came to take her husband
 As they were both in bed, she heard them coming,
 Drest John up in her night-cap, and herself
 Put on his clothes and went before the Captain.


_Jane_.
 And so they prest a woman!


_Grandmother_.
 ’Twas a trick
 She dearly loved to tell, and all the country
 Soon knew the jest, for she was used to travel
 For miles around. All weathers and all hours
 She crossed the hill, as hardy as her beasts,
 Bearing the wind and rain and winter frosts,
 And if she did not reach her home at night
 She laid her down in the stable with her asses
 And slept as sound as they did.


_Harry_.
 With her asses!


_Grandmother_.
 Yes, and she loved her beasts. For tho’ poor wretch
 She was a terrible reprobate and swore
 Like any trooper, she was always good
 To the dumb creatures, never loaded them
 Beyond their strength, and rather I believe
 Would stint herself than let the poor beasts want,
 Because, she said, they could not ask for food.
 I never saw her stick fall heavier on them
 Than just with its own weight. She little thought
 This tender-heartedness would be her death!
 There was a fellow who had oftentimes,
 As if he took delight in cruelty.
 Ill-used her Asses. He was one who lived
 By smuggling, and, for she had often met him
 Crossing the down at night, she threatened him,
 If he tormented them again, to inform
 Of his unlawful ways. Well—so it was—
 ’Twas what they both were born to, he provoked her,
 She laid an information, and one morn
 They found her in the stable, her throat cut
 From ear to ear, till the head only hung
 Just by a bit of skin.

_Jane_.
 Oh dear! oh dear!

_Harry_.
 I hope they hung the man!

_Grandmother_.
 They took him up;
 There was no proof, no one had seen the deed,
 And he was set at liberty. But God
 Whoss eye beholdeth all things, he had seen
 The murder, and the murderer knew that God
 Was witness to his crime. He fled the place,
 But nowhere could he fly the avenging hand
 Of heaven, but nowhere could the murderer rest,
 A guilty conscience haunted him, by day,
 By night, in company, in solitude,
 Restless and wretched, did he bear upon him
 The weight of blood; her cries were in his ears,
 Her stifled groans as when he knelt upon her
 Always he heard; always he saw her stand
 Before his eyes; even in the dead of night
 Distinctly seen as tho’ in the broad sun,
 She stood beside the murderer’s bed and yawn’d
 Her ghastly wound; till life itself became
 A punishment at last he could not bear,
 And he confess’d2 it all, and gave himself
 To death, so terrible, he said, it was
 To have a guilty conscience!

_Harry_.
 Was he hung then?

_Grandmother_.
 Hung and anatomized. Poor wretched man,
 Your uncles went to see him on his trial,
 He was so pale, so thin, so hollow-eyed,
 And such a horror in his meagre face,
 They said he look’d like one who never slept.
 He begg’d the prayers of all who saw his end
 And met his death with fears that well might warn
 From guilt, tho’ not without a hope in Christ.


Footnote 1: I know not whether this cruel and stupid custom is common
in other parts of England. It is supposed to prevent the dogs from
doing any mischief should they afterwards become mad.
return to footnote mark

Footnote 2: There must be many persons living who remember these
circumstances. They happened two or three and twenty years ago, in the
neighbourhood of Bristol. The woman’s name was Bees. The stratagem by
which she preserved her husband from the press-gang, is also true.
return



Eclogue III ­ The Funeral

The coffin1 as I past across the lane
 Came sudden on my view. It was not here,
 A sight of every day, as in the streets
 Of the great city, and we paus’d and ask’d
 Who to the grave was going. It was one,
 A village girl, they told us, who had borne
 An eighteen months strange illness, and had pined
 With such slow wasting that the hour of death
 Came welcome to her. We pursued our way
 To the house of mirth, and with that idle talk
 That passes o’er the mind and is forgot,
 We wore away the time. But it was eve
 When homewardly I went, and in the air
 Was that cool freshness, that discolouring shade
 That makes the eye turn inward. Then I heard
 Over the vale the heavy toll of death
 Sound slow; it made me think upon the dead,
 I questioned more and learnt her sorrowful tale.
 She bore unhusbanded a mother’s name,
 And he who should have cherished her, far off
 Sail’d on the seas, self-exil’d from his home,
 For he was poor. Left thus, a wretched one,
 Scorn made a mock of her, and evil tongues
 Were busy with her name. She had one ill
 Heavier, neglect, forgetfulness from him
 Whom she had loved so dearly. Once he wrote,
 But only once that drop of comfort came
 To mingle with her cup of wretchedness;
 And when his parents had some tidings from him,
 There was no mention of poor Hannah there,
 Or ’twas the cold enquiry, bitterer
 Than silence. So she pined and pined away
 And for herself and baby toil’d and toil’d,
 Nor did she, even on her death bed, rest
 From labour, knitting with her outstretch’d arms
 Till she sunk with very weakness. Her old mother
 Omitted no kind office, and she work’d
 Hard, and with hardest working barely earn’d
 Enough to make life struggle and prolong
 The pains of grief and sickness. Thus she lay
 On the sick bed of poverty, so worn
 With her long suffering and that painful thought
 That at her heart lay rankling, and so weak,
 That she could make no effort to express
 Affection for her infant; and the child,
 Whose lisping love perhaps had solaced her
 With a strange infantine ingratitude
 Shunn’d her as one indifferent. She was past
 That anguish, for she felt her hour draw on,
 And ’twas her only comfoft now to think
 Upon the grave. “Poor girl!” her mother said,
 “Thou hast suffered much!” “aye mother! there is none
 “Can tell what I have suffered!” she replied,
 “But I shall soon be where the weary rest.”
 And she did rest her soon, for it pleased God
 To take her to his mercy.


Footnote 1: It is proper to remark that the story related in this
Eclogue is strictly true. I met the funeral, and learnt the
circumstances in a village in Hampshire. The indifference of the child
was mentioned to me; indeed no addition whatever has been made to the
story. I should have thought it wrong to have weakened the effect of a
faithful narrative by adding any thing.
return to footnote mark



Eclogue IV ­ The Sailor’s Mother

_Woman_.
 Sir for the love of God some small relief
 To a poor woman!

_Traveller_.
 Whither are you bound?
 ’Tis a late hour to travel o’er these downs,
 No house for miles around us, and the way
 Dreary and wild. The evening wind already
 Makes one’s teeth chatter, and the very Sun,
 Setting so pale behind those thin white clouds,
 Looks cold. ’Twill be a bitter night!

_Woman_.
 Aye Sir
 ’Tis cutting keen! I smart at every breath,
 Heaven knows how I shall reach my journey’s end,
 For the way is long before me, and my feet,
 God help me! sore with travelling. I would gladly,
 If it pleased God, lie down at once and die.

_Traveller_.
 Nay nay cheer up! a little food and rest
 Will comfort you; and then your journey’s end
 Will make amends for all. You shake your head,
 And weep. Is it some evil business then
 That leads you from your home?

_Woman_.
 Sir I am going
 To see my son at Plymouth, sadly hurt
 In the late action, and in the hospital
 Dying, I fear me, now.

_Traveller_.
 Perhaps your fears
 Make evil worse. Even if a limb be lost
 There may be still enough for comfort left
 An arm or leg shot off, there’s yet the heart
 To keep life warm, and he may live to talk
 With pleasure of the glorious fight that maim’d him,
 Proud of his loss. Old England’s gratitude
 Makes the maim’d sailor happy.

_Woman_.
 ’Tis not that—
 An arm or leg—I could have borne with that.
 ’Twas not a ball, it was some cursed thing
 That bursts1 and burns that hurt him. Something Sir
 They do not use on board our English ships
 It is so wicked!

_Traveller_.
 Rascals! a mean art
 Of cruel cowardice, yet all in vain!

_Woman_.
 Yes Sir! and they should show no mercy to them
 For making use of such unchristian arms.
 I had a letter from the hospital,
 He got some friend to write it, and he tells me
 That my poor boy has lost his precious eyes,
 Burnt out. Alas! that I should ever live
 To see this wretched day!—they tell me Sir
 There is no cure for wounds like his. Indeed
 ’Tis a hard journey that I go upon
 To such a dismal end!

_Traveller_.
 He yet may live.
 But if the worst should chance, why you must bear
 The will of heaven with patience. Were it not
 Some comfort to reflect your son has fallen
 Fighting his country’s cause? and for yourself
 You will not in unpitied poverty
 Be left to mourn his loss. Your grateful country
 Amid the triumph of her victory
 Remember those who paid its price of blood,
 And with a noble charity relieves
 The widow and the orphan.

_Woman_.
 God reward them!
 God bless them, it will help me in my age
 But Sir! it will not pay me for my child!

_Traveller_.
 Was he your only child?

_Woman_.
 My only one,
 The stay and comfort of my widowhood,
 A dear good boy!—when first he went to sea
 I felt what it would come to,—something told me
 I should be childless soon. But tell me Sir
 If it be true that for a hurt like his
 There is no cure? please God to spare his life
 Tho’ he be blind, yet I should be so thankful!
 I can remember there was a blind man
 Lived in our village, one from his youth up
 Quite dark, and yet he was a merry man,
 And he had none to tend on him so well
 As I would tend my boy!

_Traveller_.
 Of this be sure
 His hurts are look’d to well, and the best help
 The place affords, as rightly is his due,
 Ever at hand. How happened it he left you?
 Was a seafaring life his early choice?

_Woman_.
 No Sir! poor fellow—he was wise enough
 To be content at home, and ’twas a home
 As comfortable Sir I even tho’ I say it,
 As any in the country. He was left
 A little boy when his poor father died,
 Just old enough to totter by himself
 And call his mother’s name. We two were all,
 And as we were not left quite destitute
 We bore up well. In the summer time I worked
 Sometimes a-field. Then I was famed for knitting,
 And in long winter nights my spinning wheel
 Seldom stood still. We had kind neighbours too
 And never felt distress. So he grew up
 A comely lad and wonderous well disposed;
 I taught him well; there was not in the parish
 A child who said his prayers more regular,
 Or answered readier thro’ his catechism.
 If I had foreseen this! but ’tis a blessing
 We do’nt know what we’re born to!

_Traveller_.
 But how came it
 He chose to be a Sailor?

_Woman_.
 You shall hear Sir;
 As he grew up he used to watch the birds
 In the corn, child’s work you know, and easily done.
 ’Tis an idle sort of task, so he built up
 A little hut of wicker-work and clay
 Under the hedge, to shelter him in rain.
 And then he took for very idleness
 To making traps to catch the plunderers,
 All sorts of cunning traps that boys can make—
 Propping a stone to fall and shut them in,
 Or crush them with its weight, or else a springe
 Swung on a bough. He made them cleverly—
 And I, poor foolish woman! I was pleased
 To see the boy so handy. You may guess
 What followed Sir from this unlucky skill.
 He did what he should not when he was older:
 I warn’d him oft enough; but he was caught
 In wiring hares at last, and had his choice
 The prison or the ship.

_Traveller_.
 The choice at least
 Was kindly left him, and for broken laws
 This was methinks no heavy punishment.

_Woman_.
 So I was told Sir. And I tried to think so,
 But ’twas a sad blow to me! I was used
 To sleep at nights soundly and undisturb’d—
 Now if the wind blew rough, it made me start
 And think of my poor boy tossing about
 Upon the roaring seas. And then I seem’d
 To feel that it was hard to take him from me
 For such a little fault. But he was wrong
 Oh very wrong—a murrain on his traps!
 See what they’ve brought him too!

_Traveller_.
 Well! well! take comfort
 He will be taken care of if he lives;
 And should you lose your child, this is a country
 Where the brave sailor never leaves a parent
 To weep for him in want.

_Woman_.
 Sir I shall want
 No succour long. In the common course of years
 I soon must be at rest, and ’tis a comfort
 When grief is hard upon me to reflect
 It only leads me to that rest the sooner.


Footnote 1: The stink-pots used on board the French ships. In the
engagement between the Mars and L’Hercule, some of our sailors were
shockingly mangled by them: One in particular, as described in the
Eclogue, lost both his eyes. It would be policy and humanity to employ
means of destruction, could they be discovered, powerful enough to
destroy fleets and armies, but to use any thing that only inflicts
additional torture upon the victims of our war systems, is cruel and
wicked.
return to footnote mark



Eclogue V ­ The Witch


_Nathaniel_.
 Father! here father! I have found a horse-shoe!
 Faith it was just in time, for t’other night
 I laid two straws across at Margery’s door,
 And afterwards I fear’d that she might do me
 A mischief for’t. There was the Miller’s boy
 Who set his dog at that black cat of hers,
 I met him upon crutches, and he told me
 ’Twas all her evil eye.

_Father_.
 ’Tis rare good luck;
 I would have gladly given a crown for one
 If t’would have done as well. But where did’st find it?

_Nathaniel_.
 Down on the Common; I was going a-field
 And neighbour Saunders pass’d me on his mare;
 He had hardly said “good day,” before I saw
 The shoe drop off; ’twas just upon my tongue
 To call him back,—it makes no difference, does it.
 Because I know whose ’twas?

_Father_.
 Why no, it can’t.
 The shoe’s the same you know, and you _did find_ it.

_Nathaniel_.
 That mare of his has got a plaguey road
 To travel, father, and if he should lame her,
 For she is but tender-footed,—

_Father_.
 Aye, indeed—
 I should not like to see her limping back
 Poor beast! but charity begins at home,
 And Nat, there’s our own horse in such a way
 This morning!

_Nathaniel_.
 Why he ha’nt been rid again!
 Last night I hung a pebble by the manger
 With a hole thro’, and every body says
 That ’tis a special charm against the hags.

_Father_.
 It could not be a proper natural hole then,
 Or ’twas not a right pebble,—for I found him
 Smoking with sweat, quaking in every limb,
 And panting so! God knows where he had been
 When we were all asleep, thro’ bush and brake
 Up-hill and down-hill all alike, full stretch
 At such a deadly rate!—

_Nathaniel_.
 By land and water,
 Over the sea perhaps!—I have heard tell
 That ’tis some thousand miles, almost at the end
 Of the world, where witches go to meet the Devil.
 They used to ride on broomsticks, and to smear
 Some ointment over them and then away
 Out of the window! but ’tis worse than all
 To worry the poor beasts so. Shame upon it
 That in a Christian country they should let
 Such creatures live!

_Father_.
 And when there’s such plain proof!
 I did but threaten her because she robb’d
 Our hedge, and the next night there came a wind
 That made me shake to hear it in my bed!
 How came it that that storm unroofed my barn,
 And only mine in the parish? look at her
 And that’s enough; she has it in her face—
 A pair of large dead eyes, rank in her head,
 Just like a corpse, and purs’d with wrinkles round,
 A nose and chin that scarce leave room between
 For her lean fingers to squeeze in the snuff,
 And when she speaks! I’d sooner hear a raven
 Croak at my door! she sits there, nose and knees
 Smoak-dried and shrivell’d over a starved fire,
 With that black cat beside her, whose great eyes
 Shine like old Beelzebub’s, and to be sure
 It must be one of his imps!—aye, nail it hard.

_Nathaniel_.
 I wish old Margery heard the hammer go!
 She’d curse the music.

_Father_.
 Here’s the Curate coming,
 He ought to rid the parish of such vermin;
 In the old times they used to hunt them out
 And hang them without mercy, but Lord bless us!
 The world is grown so wicked!

_Curate_.
 Good day Farmer!
 Nathaniel what art nailing to the threshold?

_Nathaniel_.
 A horse-shoe Sir, ’tis good to keep off witchcraft,
 And we’re afraid of Margery.

_Curate_.
 Poor old woman!
 What can you fear from her?

_Father_.
 What can we fear?
 Who lamed the Miller’s boy? who rais’d the wind
 That blew my old barn’s roof down? who d’ye think
 Rides my poor horse a’nights? who mocks the hounds?
 But let me catch her at that trick again,
 And I’ve a silver bullet ready for her,
 One that shall lame her, double how she will.

_Nathaniel_.
 What makes her sit there moping by herself,
 With no soul near her but that great black cat?
 And do but look at her!

_Curate_.
 Poor wretch! half blind
 And crooked with her years, without a child
 Or friend in her old age, ’tis hard indeed
 To have her very miseries made her crimes!
 I met her but last week in that hard frost
 That made my young limbs ache, and when I ask’d
 What brought her out in the snow, the poor old woman
 Told me that she was forced to crawl abroad
 And pick the hedges, just to keep herself
 From perishing with cold, because no neighbour
 Had pity on her age; and then she cried,
 And said the children pelted her with snow-balls,
 And wish’d that she were dead.

_Father_.
 I wish she was!
 She has plagued the parish long enough!

_Curate_.
 Shame farmer!
 Is that the charity your bible teaches?

_Father_.
 My bible does not teach me to love witches.
 I know what’s charity; who pays his tithes
 And poor-rates readier?

_Curate_.
 Who can better do it?
 You’ve been a prudent and industrious man,
 And God has blest your labour.

_Father_.
 Why, thank God Sir,
 I’ve had no reason to complain of fortune.

_Curate_.
 Complain! why you are wealthy. All the parish
 Look up to you.

_Father_.
 Perhaps Sir, I could tell
 Guinea for guinea with the warmest of them.

_Curate_.
 You can afford a little to the poor,
 And then what’s better still, you have the heart
 To give from your abundance.

_Father_.
 God forbid
 I should want charity!

_Curate_.
 Oh! ’tis a comfort
 To think at last of riches well employ’d!
 I have been by a death-bed, and know the worth
 Of a good deed at that most awful hour
 When riches profit not.
 Farmer, I’m going
 To visit Margery. She is sick I hear—
 Old, poor, and sick! a miserable lot,
 And death will be a blessing. You might send her
 Some little matter, something comfortable,
 That she may go down easier to the grave
 And bless you when she dies.

_Father_.
 What! is she going!
 Well God forgive her then! if she has dealt
 In the black art. I’ll tell my dame of it,
 And she shall send her something.

_Curate_.
 So I’ll say;
 And take my thanks for her’s. [_goes_]

_Father_.
 That’s a good man
 That Curate, Nat, of ours, to go and visit
 The poor in sickness; but he don’t believe
 In witchcraft, and that is not like a christian.

_Nathaniel_.
 And so old Margery’s dying!

_Father_.
 But you know
 She may recover; so drive t’other nail in!


Eclogue VI ­ The Ruined Cottage

Aye Charles! I knew that this would fix thine eye,
 This woodbine wreathing round the broken porch,
 Its leaves just withering, yet one autumn flower
 Still fresh and fragrant; and yon holly-hock
 That thro’ the creeping weeds and nettles tall
 Peers taller, and uplifts its column’d stem
 Bright with the broad rose-blossoms. I have seen
 Many a fallen convent reverend in decay,
 And many a time have trod the castle courts
 And grass-green halls, yet never did they strike
 Home to the heart such melancholy thoughts
 As this poor cottage. Look, its little hatch
 Fleeced with that grey and wintry moss; the roof
 Part mouldered in, the rest o’ergrown with weeds,
 House-leek and long thin grass and greener moss;
 So Nature wars with all the works of man.
 And, like himself, reduces back to earth
 His perishable piles.
 I led thee here
 Charles, not without design; for this hath been
 My favourite walk even since I was a boy;
 And I remember Charles, this ruin here,
 The neatest comfortable dwelling place!
 That when I read in those dear books that first
 Woke in my heart the love of poesy,
 How with the villagers Erminia dwelt,
 And Calidore for a fair shepherdess
 Forgot his quest to learn the shepherd’s lore;
 My fancy drew from, this the little hut
 Where that poor princess wept her hopeless love,
 Or where the gentle Calidore at eve
 Led Pastorella home. There was not then
 A weed where all these nettles overtop
 The garden wall; but sweet-briar, scenting sweet
 The morning air, rosemary and marjoram,
 All wholesome herbs; and then, that woodbine wreath’d
 So lavishly around the pillared porch
 Its fragrant flowers, that when I past this way,
 After a truant absence hastening home,
 I could not chuse but pass with slacken’d speed
 By that delightful fragrance. Sadly changed
 Is this poor cottage! and its dwellers, Charles!—
 Theirs is a simple melancholy tale,
 There’s scarce a village but can fellow it,
 And yet methinks it will not weary thee,
 And should not be untold.
 A widow woman
 Dwelt with her daughter here; just above want,
 She lived on some small pittance that sufficed,
 In better times, the needful calls of life,
 Not without comfort. I remember her
 Sitting at evening in that open door way
 And spinning in the sun; methinks I see her
 Raising her eyes and dark-rimm’d spectacles
 To see the passer by, yet ceasing not
 To twirl her lengthening thread. Or in the garden
 On some dry summer evening, walking round
 To view her flowers, and pointing, as she lean’d
 Upon the ivory handle of her stick,
 To some carnation whose o’erheavy head
 Needed support, while with the watering-pot
 Joanna followed, and refresh’d and trimm’d
 The drooping plant; Joanna, her dear child,
 As lovely and as happy then as youth
 And innocence could make her.
 Charles! it seems
 As tho’ I were a boy again, and all
 The mediate years with their vicissitudes
 A half-forgotten dream. I see the Maid
 So comely in her Sunday dress! her hair,
 Her bright brown hair, wreath’d in contracting curls,
 And then her cheek! it was a red and white
 That made the delicate hues of art look loathsome,
 The countrymen who on their way to church
 Were leaning o’er the bridge, loitering to hear
 The bell’s last summons, and in idleness
 Watching the stream below, would all look up
 When she pass’d by. And her old Mother, Charles!
 When I have beard some erring infidel
 Speak of our faith as of a gloomy creed,
 Inspiring fear and boding wretchedness.
 Her figure has recurr’d; for she did love
 The sabbath-day, and many a time has cross’d
 These fields in rain and thro’ the winter snows.
 When I, a graceless boy, wishing myself
 By the fire-side, have wondered why _she_ came
 Who might have sate at home.
 One only care
 Hung on her aged spirit. For herself,
 Her path was plain before her, and the close
 Of her long journey near. But then her child
 Soon to be left alone in this bad world,—
 That was a thought that many a winter night
 Had kept her sleepless: and when prudent love
 In something better than a servant’s slate
 Had placed her well at last, it was a pang
 Like parting life to part with her dear girl.

 One summer, Charles, when at the holydays
 Return’d from school, I visited again
 My old accustomed walks, and found in them.
 A joy almost like meeting an old friend,
 I saw the cottage empty, and the weeds
 Already crowding the neglected flowers.
 Joanna by a villain’s wiles seduced
 Had played the wanton, and that blow had reach’d
 Her mother’s heart. She did not suffer long,
 Her age was feeble, and the heavy blow
 Brought her grey hairs with sorrow to the grave.

 I pass this ruin’d dwelling oftentimes
 And think of other days. It wakes in me
 A transient sadness, but the feelings Charles
 That ever with these recollections rise,
 I trust in God they will not pass away.
The Project Gutenberg EBook of Poems, 1799, by Robert Southey

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Title: Poems, 1799

Author: Robert Southey

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Language: English

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Robert Southey’s Poems

1799

The better, please; the worse, displease; I ask no more.

Spenser







Table of Contents
The Vision of the Maid of Orléans
Book 1
Book 2
Book 3
The Rose
The Complaints of the Poor
Metrical Letter
Ballads
The Cross Roads
The Sailor who had served in the Slave Trade
Jaspar
Lord William
A Ballad shewing how an old woman rode double and who rode before her
The Surgeon’s Warning
The Victory
Henry the Hermit
English Eclogues
The Old Mansion House
The Grandmother’s Tale
The Funeral
The Sailor’s Mother
The Witch
The Ruined Cottage
The Vision of the Maid of Orléans

Divinity hath oftentimes descended
Upon our slumbers, and the blessed troupes
Have, in the calme and quiet of the soule,
Conversed with us.

Shirley. The Grateful Servant

Sidenote: The following Vision was originally printed as the ninth book of Joan of Arc. It is now adapted to the improved edition of that Poem.


The First Book

Orleans was hush’d in sleep. Stretch’d on her couch
The delegated Maiden lay: with toil
Exhausted and sore anguish, soon she closed
Her heavy eye-lids; not reposing then,
For busy Phantasy, in other scenes
Awakened. Whether that superior powers,
By wise permission, prompt the midnight dream,
Instructing so the passive1faculty;
Or that the soul, escaped its fleshly clog,
Flies free, and soars amid the invisible world,
And all things are that2 seem.

Along a moor,
Barren, and wide, and drear, and desolate,
She roam’d a wanderer thro’ the cheerless night.
Far thro’ the silence of the unbroken plain
The bittern’s boom was heard, hoarse, heavy, deep,
It made most fitting music to the scene.
Black clouds, driven fast before the stormy wind,
Swept shadowing; thro’ their broken folds the moon
Struggled sometimes with transitory ray,
And made the moving darkness visible.
And now arrived beside a fenny lake
She stands: amid its stagnate waters, hoarse
The long sedge rustled to the gales of night.
An age-worn bark receives the Maid, impell’d
By powers unseen; then did the moon display
Where thro’ the crazy vessel’s yawning side
The muddy wave oozed in: a female guides,
And spreads the sail before the wind, that moan’d
As melancholy mournful to her ear,
As ever by the dungeon’d wretch was heard
Howling at evening round the embattled towers
Of that hell-house3 of France, ere yet sublime
The almighty people from their tyrant’s hand
Dash’d down the iron rod.
Intent the Maid
Gazed on the pilot’s form, and as she gazed
Shiver’d, for wan her face was, and her eyes
Hollow, and her sunk cheeks were furrowed deep,
Channell’d by tears; a few grey locks hung down
Beneath her hood: then thro’ the Maiden’s veins
Chill crept the blood, for, as the night-breeze pass’d,
Lifting her tattcr’d mantle, coil’d around
She saw a serpent gnawing at her heart.

The plumeless bat with short shrill note flits by,
And the night-raven’s scream came fitfully,
Borne on the hollow blast. Eager the Maid
Look’d to the shore, and now upon the bank
Leaps, joyful to escape, yet trembling still
In recollection.

There, a mouldering pile
Stretch’d its wide ruins, o’er the plain below
Casting a gloomy shade, save where the moon
Shone thro’ its fretted windows: the dark Yew,
Withering with age, branched there its naked roots,
And there the melancholy Cypress rear’d
Its head; the earth was heav’d with many a mound,
And here and there a half-demolish’d tomb.

And now, amid the ruin’s darkest shade,
The Virgin’s eye beheld where pale blue flames
Rose wavering, now just gleaming from the earth,
And now in darkness drown’d. An aged man
Sat near, seated on what in long-past days
Had been some sculptur’d monument, now fallen
And half-obscured by moss, and gathered heaps
Of withered yew-leaves and earth-mouldering bones;
And shining in the ray was seen the track
Of slimy snail obscene. Composed his look,
His eye was large and rayless, and fix’d full
Upon the Maid; the blue flames on his face
Stream’d a pale light; his face was of the hue
Of death; his limbs were mantled in a shroud.

Then with a deep heart-terrifying voice,
Exclaim’d the Spectre, “Welcome to these realms,
These regions of Despair! O thou whose steps
By Grief conducted to these sad abodes
Have pierced; welcome, welcome to this gloom
Eternal, to this everlasting night,
Where never morning darts the enlivening ray,
Where never shines the sun, but all is dark,
Dark as the bosom of their gloomy King.”

So saying he arose, and by the hand
The Virgin seized with such a death-cold touch
As froze her very heart; and drawing on,
Her, to the abbey’s inner ruin, led
Resistless. Thro’ the broken roof the moon
Glimmer’d a scatter’d ray; the ivy twined
Round the dismantled column; imaged forms
Of Saints and warlike Chiefs, moss-canker’d now
And mutilate, lay strewn upon the ground,
With crumbled fragments, crucifixes fallen,
And rusted trophies; and amid the heap
Some monument’s defaced legend spake
All human glory vain.

The loud blast roar’d
Amid the pile; and from the tower the owl
Scream’d as the tempest shook her secret nest.
He, silent, led her on, and often paus’d,
And pointed, that her eye might contemplate
At leisure the drear scene.
He dragged her on
Thro’ a low iron door, down broken stairs;
Then a cold horror thro’ the Maiden’s frame
Crept, for she stood amid a vault, and saw,
By the sepulchral lamp’s dim glaring light,
The fragments of the dead.
“Look here!” he cried,
“Damsel, look here! survey this house of Death;
O soon to tenant it! soon to increase
These trophies of mortality! for hence
Is no return. Gaze here! behold this skull,
These eyeless sockets, and these unflesh’d jaws,
That with their ghastly grinning, seem to mock
Thy perishable charms; for thus thy cheek
Must moulder. Child of Grief! shrinks not thy soul,
Viewing these horrors? trembles not thy heart
At the dread thought, that here its life’s-blood soon
Now warm in life and feeling, mingle soon
With the cold clod? a thought most horrible!
So only dreadful, for reality
Is none of suffering here; here all is peace;
No nerve will throb to anguish in the grave.
Dreadful it is to think of losing life;
But having lost, knowledge of loss is not,
Therefore no ill. Haste, Maiden, to repose;
Probe deep the seat of life.”
So spake Despair
The vaulted roof echoed his hollow voice,
And all again was silence. Quick her heart
Panted. He drew a dagger from his breast,
And cried again, “Haste Damsel to repose!
One blow, and rest for ever!” On the Fiend
Dark scowl’d the Virgin with indignant eye,
And dash’d the dagger down. He next his heart
Replaced the murderous steel, and drew the Maid
Along the downward vault.
The damp earth gave
A dim sound as they pass’d: the tainted air
Was cold, and heavy with unwholesome dews.
“Behold!” the fiend exclaim’d, “how gradual here
The fleshly burden of mortality
Moulders to clay!” then fixing his broad eye
Full on her face, he pointed where a corpse
Lay livid; she beheld with loathing look,
The spectacle abhorr’d by living man.

“Look here!” Despair pursued, “this loathsome mass
Was once as lovely, and as full of life
As, Damsel! thou art now. Those deep-sunk eyes
Once beam’d the mild light of intelligence,
And where thou seest the pamper’d flesh-worm trail,
Once the white bosom heaved. She fondly thought
That at the hallowed altar, soon the Priest
Should bless her coming union, and the torch
Its joyful lustre o’er the hall of joy,
Cast on her nuptial evening: earth to earth
That Priest consign’d her, and the funeral lamp
Glares on her cold face; for her lover went
By glory lur’d to war, and perish’d there;
Nor she endur’d to live. Ha! fades thy cheek?
Dost thou then, Maiden, tremble at the tale?
Look here! behold the youthful paramour!
The self-devoted hero!”
Fearfully
The Maid look’d down, and saw the well known face
Of Theodore! in thoughts unspeakable,
Convulsed with horror, o’er her face she clasp’d
Her cold damp hands: “Shrink not,” the Phantom cried,
“Gaze on! for ever gaze!” more firm he grasp’d
Her quivering arm: “this lifeless mouldering clay,
As well thou know’st, was warm with all the glow
Of Youth and Love; this is the arm that cleaved
Salisbury’s proud crest, now motionless in death,
Unable to protect the ravaged frame
From the foul Offspring of Mortality
That feed on heroes. Tho’ long years were thine,
Yet never more would life reanimate
This murdered man; murdered by thee! for thou
Didst lead him to the battle from his home,
Else living there in peace to good old age:
In thy defence he died: strike deep! destroy
Remorse with Life.”
The Maid stood motionless,
And, wistless what she did, with trembling hand
Received the dagger. Starting then, she cried,
“Avaunt Despair! Eternal Wisdom deals
Or peace to man, or misery, for his good
Alike design’d; and shall the Creature cry,
Why hast thou done this? and with impious pride
Destroy the life God gave?”
The Fiend rejoin’d,
“And thou dost deem it impious to destroy
The life God gave? What, Maiden, is the lot
Assigned to mortal man? born but to drag,
Thro’ life’s long pilgrimage, the wearying load
Of being; care corroded at the heart;
Assail’d by all the numerous train of ills
That flesh inherits; till at length worn out,
This is his consummation!--think again!
What, Maiden, canst thou hope from lengthen’d life
But lengthen’d sorrow? If protracted long,
Till on the bed of death thy feeble limbs
Outstretch their languid length, oh think what thoughts,
What agonizing woes, in that dread hour,
Assail the sinking heart! slow beats the pulse,
Dim grows the eye, and clammy drops bedew
The shuddering frame; then in its mightiest force,
Mightiest in impotence, the love of life
Seizes the throbbing heart, the faltering lips
Pour out the impious prayer, that fain would change
The unchangeable’s decree, surrounding friends
Sob round the sufferer, wet his cheek with tears,
And all he loved in life embitters death!

Such, Maiden, are the pangs that wait the hour
Of calmest dissolution! yet weak man
Dares, in his timid piety, to live;
And veiling Fear in Superstition’s garb,
He calls her Resignation!
Coward wretch!
Fond Coward! thus to make his Reason war
Against his Reason! Insect as he is,
This sport of Chance, this being of a day,
Whose whole existence the next cloud may blast,
Believes himself the care of heavenly powers,
That God regards Man, miserable Man,
And preaching thus of Power and Providence,
Will crush the reptile that may cross his path!

Fool that thou art! the Being that permits
Existence, gives to man the worthless boon:
A goodly gift to those who, fortune-blest,
Bask in the sunshine of Prosperity,
And such do well to keep it. But to one
Sick at the heart with misery, and sore
With many a hard unmerited affliction,
It is a hair that chains to wretchedness
The slave who dares not burst it!
Thinkest thou,
The parent, if his child should unrecall’d
Return and fall upon his neck, and cry,
Oh! the wide world is comfortless, and full
Of vacant joys and heart-consuming cares,
I can be only happy in my home
With thee--my friend!--my father! Thinkest thou,
That he would thrust him as an outcast forth?
Oh I he would clasp the truant to his heart,
And love the trespass.”
Whilst he spake, his eye
Dwelt on the Maiden’s cheek, and read her soul
Struggling within. In trembling doubt she stood,
Even as the wretch, whose famish’d entrails crave
Supply, before him sees the poison’d food
In greedy horror.
Yet not long the Maid
Debated, “Cease thy dangerous sophistry,
Eloquent tempter!” cried she. “Gloomy one!
What tho’ affliction be my portion here,
Think’st thou I do not feel high thoughts of joy.
Of heart-ennobling joy, when I look back
Upon a life of duty well perform’d,
Then lift mine eyes to Heaven, and there in faith
Know my reward? I grant, were this life all,
Was there no morning to the tomb’s long night,
If man did mingle with the senseless clod,
Himself as senseless, then wert thou indeed
A wise and friendly comforter! But, Fiend!
There is a morning to the tomb’s long night,
A dawn of glory, a reward in Heaven,
He shall not gain who never merited.
If thou didst know the worth of one good deed
In life’s last hour, thou would’st not bid me lose
The power to benefit; if I but save
A drowning fly, I shall not live in vain.
I have great duties, Fiend! me France expects,
Her heaven-doom’d Champion.”
“Maiden, thou hast done
Thy mission here,” the unbaffled Fiend replied:
“The foes are fled from Orleans: thou, perchance
Exulting in the pride of victory,
Forgettest him who perish’d! yet albeit
Thy harden’d heart forget the gallant youth;
That hour allotted canst thou not escape,
That dreadful hour, when Contumely and Shame
Shall sojourn in thy dungeon. Wretched Maid!
Destined to drain the cup of bitterness,
Even to its dregs! England’s inhuman Chiefs
Shall scoff thy sorrows, black thy spotless fame,
Wit-wanton it with lewd barbarity,
And force such burning blushes to the cheek
Of Virgin modesty, that thou shalt wish
The earth might cover thee! in that last hour,
When thy bruis’d breast shall heave beneath the chains
That link thee to the stake; when o’er thy form,
Exposed unmantled, the brute multitude
Shall gaze, and thou shalt hear the ribald taunt,
More painful than the circling flames that scorch
Each quivering member; wilt thou not in vain
Then wish my friendly aid? then wish thine ear
Had drank my words of comfort? that thy hand
Had grasp’d the dagger, and in death preserved
Insulted modesty?”
Her glowing cheek
Blush’d crimson; her wide eye on vacancy
Was fix’d; her breath short panted. The cold Fiend,
Grasping her hand, exclaim’d, “too-timid Maid,
So long repugnant to the healing aid
My friendship proffers, now shalt thou behold
The allotted length of life.”
He stamp’d the earth,
And dragging a huge coffin as his car,
Two Gouls came on, of form more fearful-foul
Than ever palsied in her wildest dream
Hag-ridden Superstition. Then Despair
Seiz’d on the Maid whose curdling blood stood still.
And placed her in the seat; and on they pass’d
Adown the deep descent. A meteor light
Shot from the Daemons, as they dragg’d along
The unwelcome load, and mark’d their brethren glut
On carcasses.
Below the vault dilates
Its ample bulk. “Look here!”--Despair addrest
The shuddering Virgin, “see the dome of Death!”
It was a spacious cavern, hewn amid
The entrails of the earth, as tho’ to form
The grave of all mankind: no eye could reach,
Tho’ gifted with the Eagle’s ample ken,
Its distant bounds. There, thron’d in darkness, dwelt
The unseen Power of Death.
Here stopt the Gouls,
Reaching the destin’d spot. The Fiend leapt out,
And from the coffin, as he led the Maid,
Exclaim’d, “Where never yet stood mortal man,
Thou standest: look around this boundless vault;
Observe the dole that Nature deals to man,
And learn to know thy friend.”
She not replied,
Observing where the Fates their several tasks
Plied ceaseless. “Mark how short the longest web
Allowed to man! he cried; observe how soon,
Twin’d round yon never-resting wheel, they change
Their snowy hue, darkening thro’ many a shade,
Till Atropos relentless shuts the sheers!”

Too true he spake, for of the countless threads,
Drawn from the heap, as white as unsunn’d snow,
Or as the lovely lilly of the vale,
Was never one beyond the little span
Of infancy untainted: few there were
But lightly tinged; more of deep crimson hue,
Or deeper sable4 died. Two Genii stood,
Still as the web of Being was drawn forth,
Sprinkling their powerful drops. From ebon urn,
The one unsparing dash’d the bitter wave
Of woe; and as he dash’d, his dark-brown brow
Relax’d to a hard smile. The milder form
Shed less profusely there his lesser store;
Sometimes with tears increasing the scant boon,
Mourning the lot of man; and happy he
Who on his thread those precious drops receives;
If it be happiness to have the pulse
Throb fast with pity, and in such a world
Of wretchedness, the generous heart that aches
With anguish at the sight of human woe.

To her the Fiend, well hoping now success,
“This is thy thread! observe how short the span,
And see how copious yonder Genius pours
The bitter stream of woe.” The Maiden saw
Fearless. “Now gaze!” the tempter Fiend exclaim’d,
And placed again the poniard in her hand,
For Superstition, with sulphureal torch
Stalk’d to the loom. “This, Damsel, is thy fate!
The hour draws on--now drench the dagger deep!
Now rush to happier worlds!”
The Maid replied,
“Or to prevent or change the will of Heaven,
Impious I strive not: be that will perform’d!”
Footnote 1:
May fays of Serapis,
Erudit at placide humanam per somnia mentem,
Nocturnâque quiete docet; nulloque labore
Hic tantum parta est pretiosa scientia, nullo
Excutitur studio verum. Mortalia corda
Tunc Deus iste docet, cum sunt minus apta doceri,
Cum nullum obsequium præstant, meritisque fatentur
Nil sese debere suis; tunc recta scientes
Cum nil scire valent. Non illo tempore sensus
Humanos forsan dignatur numen inire,
Cum propriis possunt per se discursibus uti,
Ne forte humanâ ratio divina coiret.
Sup Lucani.
return to footnote mark
Footnote 2: I have met with a singular tale to illustrate this spiritual theory of dreams.

Guntram, King of the Franks, was liberal to the poor, and he himself experienced the wonderful effects of divine liberality. For one day as he was hunting in a forest he was separated from his companions and arrived at a little stream of water with only one comrade of tried and approved fidelity. Here he found himself opprest by drowsiness, and reclining his head upon the servant’s lap went to sleep. The servant witnessed a wonderful thing, for he saw a little beast (bestiolam) creep out of the mouth of his sleeping master, and go immediately to the streamlet, which it vainly attempted to cross. The servant drew his sword and laid it across the water, over which the little beast easily past and crept into a hole of a mountain on the opposite side; from whence it made its appearance again in an hour, and returned by the same means into the King’s mouth. The King then awakened, and told his companion that he had dreamt that he was arrived upon the bank of an immense river, which he had crossed by a bridge of iron, and from thence came to a mountain in which a great quantity of gold was concealed. When the King had concluded, the servant related what he had beheld, and they both went to examine the mountain, where upon digging they discovered an immense weight of gold.

I stumbled upon this tale in a book entitled SPHINX Theologico-Philosophica. Authore Johanne Heidfeldio, Ecclesiaste Ebersbachiano. 1621.

The same story is in Matthew of Westminster; it is added that Guntram applied the treasures thus found to pious uses.

For the truth of this theory there is the evidence of a Monkish miracle. When Thurcillus was about to follow St. Julian and visit the world of souls, his guide said to him, “let thy body rest in the bed for thy spirit only is about to depart with me; and lest the body should appear dead, I will send into it a vital breath.”

The body however by a strange sympathy was affected like the spirit; for when the foul and fetid smoke that arose from tithes witheld, had nearly suffocated Thurcillus, and made him cough twice, those who were near his body said that it coughed twice about the same time."

Matthew Paris.
return
Footnote 3: The Bastille. The expression is in one of Fuller’s works, an Author from whose quaintness and ingenuity I have always found amusement, and sometimes assistance.
return
Footnote 4: These lines strongly resemble a passage in the Pharonnida of William Chamberlayne, a Poet who has told an interesting story in uncouth rhymes, and mingled sublimity of thought and beauty of expression, with the quaintest conceits, and most awkward inversions.

On a rock more high
Than Nature’s common surface, she beholds
The Mansion house of Fate, which thus unfolds
Its sacred mysteries. A trine within
A quadrate placed, both these encompast in
A perfect circle was its form; but what
Its matter was, for us to wonder at,
Is undiscovered left. A Tower there stands
At every angle, where Time’s fatal hands
The impartial Parcæ dwell; i’ the first she sees
Clotho the kindest of the Destinies,
From immaterial essences to cull
The seeds of life, and of them frame the wool
For Lachesis to spin; about her flie
Myriads of souls, that yet want flesh to lie
Warm’d with their functions in, whose strength bestows
That power by which man ripe for misery grows.

Her next of objects was that glorious tower
Where that swift-fingered Nymph that spares no hour
From mortals’ service, draws the various threads
Of life in several lengths; to weary beds
Of age extending some, whilst others in
Their infancy are broke: some blackt in sin,
Others, the favorites of Heaven, from whence
Their origin, candid with innocence;
Some purpled in afflictions, others dyed
In sanguine pleasures: some in glittering pride
Spun to adorn the earth, whilst others wear
Rags of deformity, but knots of care
No thread was wholly free from. Next to this
Fair glorious tower, was placed that black abyss
Of dreadful Atropos, the baleful seat
Of death and horrour, in each room repleat
With lazy damps, loud groans, and the sad sight
Of pale grim Ghosts, those terrours of the night.
To this, the last stage that the winding clew
Of Life can lead mortality unto,
FEAR was the dreadful Porter, which let in
All guests sent thither by destructive sin.

It is possible that I may have written from the recollection of this passage. The conceit is the same, and I willingly attribute it to Chamberlayne, a Poet to whom I am indebted for many hours of delight, and whom I one day hope to rescue from undeserved oblivion.
return
The Second Book

She spake, and lo! celestial radiance beam’d
Amid the air, such odors wafting now
As erst came blended with the evening gale,
From Eden’s bowers of bliss. An angel form
Stood by the Maid; his wings, etherial white,
Flash’d like the diamond in the noon-tide sun,
Dazzling her mortal eye: all else appear’d
Her Theodore.
Amazed she saw: the Fiend
Was fled, and on her ear the well-known voice
Sounded, tho’ now more musically sweet
Than ever yet had thrill’d her charmed soul,
When eloquent Affection fondly told
The day-dreams of delight.
“Beloved Maid!
Lo! I am with thee! still thy Theodore!
Hearts in the holy bands of Love combin’d,
Death has no power to sever. Thou art mine!
A little while and thou shalt dwell with me
In scenes where Sorrow is not. Cheerily
Tread thou the path that leads thee to the grave,
Rough tho’ it be and painful, for the grave
Is but the threshold of Eternity.
Favour’d of Heaven! to thee is given to view
These secret realms. The bottom of the abyss
Thou treadest, Maiden! Here the dungeons are
Where bad men learn repentance; souls diseased
Must have their remedy; and where disease
Is rooted deep, the remedy is long
Perforce, and painful.”
Thus the Spirit spake,
And led the Maid along a narrow path,
Dark gleaming to the light of far-off flames,
More dread than darkness. Soon the distant sound
Of clanking anvils, and the lengthened breath
Provoking fire are heard: and now they reach
A wide expanded den where all around
Tremendous furnaces, with hellish blaze,
Flamed dreadful. At the heaving bellows stood
The meagre form of Care, and as he blew
To augment the fire, the fire augmented scorch’d
His wretched limbs: sleepless for ever thus
He toil’d and toil’d, of toil to reap no end
But endless toil and never-ending woe.
An aged man went round the infernal vault,
Urging his workmen to their ceaseless task:
White were his locks, as is the wintry snow
On hoar Plinlimmon’s head. A golden staff
His steps supported; powerful talisman,
Which whoso feels shall never feel again
The tear of Pity, or the throb of Love.
Touch’d but by this, the massy gates give way,
The buttress trembles, and the guarded wall,
Guarded in vain, submits. Him heathens erst
Had deified, and bowed the suppliant knee
To Plutus. Nor are now his votaries few,
Tho’ he the Blessed Teacher of mankind
Hath said, that easier thro’ the needle’s eye
Shall the huge camel1 pass, than the rich man
Enter the gates of heaven. “Ye cannot serve
Your God, and worship Mammon.”
“Missioned Maid!”
So spake the Angel, “know that these, whose hands
Round each white furnace ply the unceasing toil,
Were Mammon’s slaves on earth. They did not spare
To wring from Poverty the hard-earn’d mite,
They robb’d the orphan’s pittance, they could see
Want’s asking eye unmoved; and therefore these,
Ranged round the furnace, still must persevere
In Mammon’s service; scorched by these fierce fires,
And frequent deluged by the o’erboiling ore:
Yet still so framed, that oft to quench their thirst
Unquenchable, large draughts of molten2 gold
They drink insatiate, still with pain renewed,
Pain to destroy.”
So saying, her he led
Forth from the dreadful cavern to a cell,
Brilliant with gem-born light. The rugged walls
Part gleam’d with gold, and part with silver ore
A milder radiance shone. The Carbuncle
There its strong lustre like the flamy sun
Shot forth irradiate; from the earth beneath,
And from the roof a diamond light emits;
Rubies and amethysts their glows commix’d
With the gay topaz, and the softer ray
Shot from the sapphire, and the emerald’s hue,
And bright pyropus.
There on golden seats,
A numerous, sullen, melancholy train
Sat silent. “Maiden, these,” said Theodore,
Are they who let the love of wealth absorb
All other passions; in their souls that vice
Struck deeply-rooted, like the poison-tree
That with its shade spreads barrenness around.
These, Maid! were men by no atrocious crime
Blacken’d, no fraud, nor ruffian violence:
Men of fair dealing, and respectable
On earth, but such as only for themselves
Heap’d up their treasures, deeming all their wealth
Their own, and given to them, by partial Heaven,
To bless them only: therefore here they sit,
Possessed of gold enough, and by no pain
Tormented, save the knowledge of the bliss
They lost, and vain repentance. Here they dwell,
Loathing these useless treasures, till the hour
Of general restitution.”
Thence they past,
And now arrived at such a gorgeous dome,
As even the pomp of Eastern opulence
Could never equal: wandered thro’ its halls
A numerous train; some with the red-swoln eye
Of riot, and intemperance-bloated cheek;
Some pale and nerveless, and with feeble step,
And eyes lack-lustre.
Maiden? said her guide,
These are the wretched slaves of Appetite,
Curst with their wish enjoyed. The epicure
Here pampers his foul frame, till the pall’d sense
Loaths at the banquet; the voluptuous here
Plunge in the tempting torrent of delight,
And sink in misery. All they wish’d on earth,
Possessing here, whom have they to accuse,
But their own folly, for the lot they chose?
Yet, for that these injured themselves alone,
They to the house of Penitence may hie,
And, by a long and painful regimen,
To wearied Nature her exhausted powers
Restore, till they shall learn to form the wish
Of wisdom, and Almighty Goodness grants
That prize to him who seeks it.”
Whilst he spake,
The board is spread. With bloated paunch, and eye
Fat swoln, and legs whose monstrous size disgraced
The human form divine, their caterer,
Hight Gluttony, set forth the smoaking feast.
And by his side came on a brother form,
With fiery cheek of purple hue, and red
And scurfy-white, mix’d motley; his gross bulk,
Like some huge hogshead shapen’d, as applied.
Him had antiquity with mystic rites
Ador’d, to him the sons of Greece, and thine
Imperial Rome, on many an altar pour’d
The victim blood, with godlike titles graced,
Bacchus, or Dionusus; son of Jove,
Deem’d falsely, for from Folly’s ideot form
He sprung, what time Madness, with furious hand,
Seiz’d on the laughing female. At one birth
She brought the brethren, menial here, above
Reigning with sway supreme, and oft they hold
High revels: mid the Monastery’s gloom,
The sacrifice is spread, when the grave voice
Episcopal, proclaims approaching day
Of visitation, or Churchwardens meet
To save the wretched many from the gripe
Of eager Poverty, or mid thy halls
Of London, mighty Mayor! rich Aldermen,
Of coming feast hold converse.
Otherwhere,
For tho’ allied in nature as in blood,
They hold divided sway, his brother lifts
His spungy sceptre. In the noble domes
Of Princes, and state-wearied Ministers,
Maddening he reigns; and when the affrighted mind
Casts o’er a long career of guilt and blood
Its eye reluctant, then his aid is sought
To lull the worm of Conscience to repose.
He too the halls of country Squires frequents,
But chiefly loves the learned gloom that shades
Thy offspring Rhedycina! and thy walls,
Granta! nightly libations there to him
Profuse are pour’d, till from the dizzy brain
Triangles, Circles, Parallelograms,
Moods, Tenses, Dialects, and Demigods,
And Logic and Theology are swept
By the red deluge.
Unmolested there
He reigns; till comes at length the general feast,
Septennial sacrifice; then when the sons
Of England meet, with watchful care to chuse
Their delegates, wise, independent men,
Unbribing and unbrib’d, and cull’d to guard
Their rights and charters from the encroaching grasp
Of greedy Power: then all the joyful land
Join in his sacrifices, so inspir’d
To make the important choice.
The observing Maid
Address’d her guide, “These Theodore, thou sayest
Are men, who pampering their foul appetites,
Injured themselves alone. But where are they,
The worst of villains, viper-like, who coil
Around the guileless female, so to sting
The heart that loves them?”
“Them,” the spirit replied,
A long and dreadful punishment awaits.
For when the prey of want and infamy,
Lower and lower still the victim sinks,
Even to the depth of shame, not one lewd word,
One impious imprecation from her lips
Escapes, nay not a thought of evil lurks
In the polluted mind, that does not plead
Before the throne of Justice, thunder-tongued
Against the foul Seducer.”
Now they reach’d
The house of Penitence. Credulity
Stood at the gate, stretching her eager head
As tho’ to listen; on her vacant face,
A smile that promis’d premature assent;
Tho’ her Regret behind, a meagre Fiend,
Disciplin’d sorely.
Here they entered in,
And now arrived where, as in study tranced,
She sat, the Mistress of the Dome. Her face
Spake that composed severity, that knows
No angry impulse, no weak tenderness,
Resolved and calm. Before her lay that Book
That hath the words of Life; and as she read,
Sometimes a tear would trickle down her cheek,
Tho’ heavenly joy beam’d in her eye the while.
Leaving her undisturb’d, to the first ward
Of this great Lazar-house, the Angel led
The favour’d Maid of Orleans. Kneeling down
On the hard stone that their bare knees had worn,
In sackcloth robed, a numerous train appear’d:
Hard-featured some, and some demurely grave;
Yet such expression stealing from the eye,
As tho’, that only naked, all the rest
Was one close fitting mask. A scoffing Fiend,
For Fiend he was, tho’ wisely serving here
Mock’d at his patients, and did often pour
Ashes upon them, and then bid them say
Their prayers aloud, and then he louder laughed:
For these were Hypocrites, on earth revered
As holy ones, who did in public tell
Their beads, and make long prayers, and cross themselves,
And call themselves most miserable sinners,
That so they might be deem’d most pious saints;
And go all filth, and never let a smile
Bend their stern muscles, gloomy, sullen men,
Barren of all affection, and all this
To please their God, forsooth! and therefore Scorn
Grinn’d at his patients, making them repeat
Their solemn farce, with keenest raillery
Tormenting; but if earnest in their prayer,
They pour’d the silent sorrows of the soul
To Heaven, then did they not regard his mocks
Which then came painless, and Humility
Soon rescued them, and led to Penitence,
That She might lead to Heaven.
From thence they came,
Where, in the next ward, a most wretched band
Groan’d underneath the bitter tyranny
Of a fierce Daemon. His coarse hair was red,
Pale grey his eyes, and blood-shot; and his face
Wrinkled by such a smile as Malice wears
In ecstacy. Well-pleased he went around,
Plunging his dagger in the hearts of some,
Or probing with a poison’d lance their breasts,
Or placing coals of fire within their wounds;
Or seizing some within his mighty grasp,
He fix’d them on a stake, and then drew back,
And laugh’d to see them writhe.
“These,” said the Spirit,
Are taught by Cruelty, to loath the lives
They led themselves. Here are those wicked men
Who loved to exercise their tyrant power
On speechless brutes; bad husbands undergo
A long purgation here; the traffickers
In human flesh here too are disciplined.
Till by their suffering they have equall’d all
The miseries they inflicted, all the mass
Of wretchedness caused by the wars they waged,
The towns they burnt, for they who bribe to war
Are guilty of the blood, the widows left
In want, the slave or led to suicide,
Or murdered by the foul infected air
Of his close dungeon, or more sad than all,
His virtue lost, his very soul enslaved,
And driven by woe to wickedness.
These next,
Whom thou beholdest in this dreary room,
So sullen, and with such an eye of hate
Each on the other scowling, these have been
False friends. Tormented by their own dark thoughts
Here they dwell: in the hollow of their hearts
There is a worm that feeds, and tho’ thou seest
That skilful leech who willingly would heal
The ill they suffer, judging of all else
By their own evil standard, they suspect
The aid be vainly proffers, lengthening thus
By vice its punishment.”
“But who are these,”
The Maid exclaim’d, “that robed in flowing lawn,
And mitred, or in scarlet, and in caps
Like Cardinals, I see in every ward,
Performing menial service at the beck
Of all who bid them?”
Theodore replied,
These men are they who in the name of CHRIST
Did heap up wealth, and arrogating power,
Did make men bow the knee, and call themselves
Most Reverend Graces and Right Reverend Lords.
They dwelt in palaces, in purple clothed,
And in fine linen: therefore are they here;
And tho’ they would not minister on earth,
Here penanced they perforce must minister:
For he, the lowly man of Nazareth,
Hath said, his kingdom is not of the world.”
So Saying on they past, and now arrived
Where such a hideous ghastly groupe abode,
That the Maid gazed with half-averting eye,
And shudder’d: each one was a loathly corpse,
The worm did banquet on his putrid prey,
Yet had they life and feeling exquisite
Tho’ motionless and mute.
“Most wretched men
Are these, the angel cried. These, Joan, are bards,
Whose loose lascivious lays perpetuate
Who sat them down, deliberately lewd,
So to awake and pamper lust in minds
Unborn; and therefore foul of body now
As then they were of soul, they here abide
Long as the evil works they left on earth
Shall live to taint mankind. A dreadful doom!
Yet amply merited by that bad man
Who prostitutes the sacred gift of song!”
And now they reached a huge and massy pile,
Massy it seem’d, and yet in every blast
As to its ruin shook. There, porter fit,
Remorse for ever his sad vigils kept.
Pale, hollow-eyed, emaciate, sleepless wretch.
Inly he groan’d, or, starting, wildly shriek’d,
Aye as the fabric tottering from its base,
Threatened its fall, and so expectant still
Lived in the dread of danger still delayed.
They enter’d there a large and lofty dome,
O’er whose black marble sides a dim drear light
Struggled with darkness from the unfrequent lamp.
Enthroned around, the Murderers of Mankind,
Monarchs, the great! the glorious! the august!
Each bearing on his brow a crown of fire,
Sat stern and silent. Nimrod he was there,
First King the mighty hunter; and that Chief
Who did belie his mother’s fame, that so
He might be called young Ammon. In this court
Cæsar was crown’d, accurst liberticide;
And he who murdered Tully, that cold villain,
Octavius, tho’ the courtly minion’s lyre
Hath hymn’d his praise, tho’ Maro sung to him,
And when Death levelled to original clay
The royal carcase, Flattery, fawning low,
Fell at his feet, and worshipped the new God.
Titus3 was here, the Conqueror of the Jews,
He the Delight of human-kind misnamed;
Cæsars and Soldans, Emperors and Kings,
Here they were all, all who for glory fought,
Here in the Court of Glory reaping now
The meed they merited.
As gazing round
The Virgin mark’d the miserable train,
A deep and hollow voice from one went forth;
“Thou who art come to view our punishment,
Maiden of Orleans! hither turn thine eyes,
For I am he whose bloody victories
Thy power hath rendered vain. Lo! I am here,
The hero conqueror of Azincour,
Henry of England!--wretched that I am,
I might have reigned in happiness and peace,
My coffers full, my subjects undisturb’d,
And Plenty and Prosperity had loved
To dwell amongst them: but mine eye beheld
The realm of France, by faction tempest-torn,
And therefore I did think that it would fall
An easy prey. I persecuted those
Who taught new doctrines, tho’ they taught the truth:
And when I heard of thousands by the sword
Cut off, or blasted by the pestilence,
I calmly counted up my proper gains,
And sent new herds to slaughter. Temperate
Myself, no blood that mutinied, no vice
Tainting my private life, I sent abroad
Murder and Rape; and therefore am I doom’d,
Like these imperial Sufferers, crown’d with fire,
Here to remain, till Man’s awaken’d eye
Shall see the genuine blackness of our deeds,
And warn’d by them, till the whole human race,
Equalling in bliss the aggregate we caus’d
Of wretchedness, shall form One Brotherhood,
One Universal Family of Love.”
Footnote 1: In the former edition I had substituted cable instead of camel. The alteration would not be worth noticing were it not for the circumstance which occasioned it. Facilius elephas per foramen acus, is among the Hebrew adages collected by Drusius; the same metaphor is found in two other Jewish proverbs, and this appears to determine the signification of καμηλος Matt. 19. 24.
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Footnote 2: The same idea, and almost the same words are in an old play by John Ford. The passage is a very fine one:

Ay, you are wretched, miserably wretched,
Almost condemn’d alive! There is a place,
(List daughter!) in a black and hollow vault,
Where day is never seen; there shines no sun,
But flaming horror of consuming fires;
A lightless sulphur, choak’d with smoaky foggs
Of an infected darkness. In this place
Dwell many thousand thousand sundry sorts
Of never-dying deaths; there damned souls
Roar without pity, there are gluttons fed
With toads and adders; there is burning oil
Pour’d down the drunkard’s throat, the usurer
Is forced to sup whole draughts of molten gold;
There is the murderer for ever stabb’d,
Yet can he never die; there lies the wanton
On racks of burning steel, whilst in his soul
He feels the torment of his raging lust.

(’Tis Pity she’s a Whore.)



I wrote this passage when very young, and the idea, trite as it is, was new to me. It occurs I believe in most descriptions of hell, and perhaps owes its origin to the fate of Crassus.

After this picture of horrors, the reader may perhaps be pleased with one more pleasantly fanciful:

O call me home again dear Chief! and put me
To yoking foxes, milking of he-goats,
Pounding of water in a mortar, laving
The sea dry with a nutshell, gathering all
The leaves are fallen this autumn--making ropes of sand,
Catching the winds together in a net,
Mustering of ants, and numbering atoms, all
That Hell and you thought exquisite torments, rather
Than stay me here a thought more. I would sooner
Keep fleas within a circle, and be accomptant
A thousand year which of ’em, and how far
Outleap’d the other, than endure a minute
Such as I have within.

(B. Jonson. The Devil is an Ass.)
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Footnote 3: During the siege of Jerusalem, “the Roman commander, with a generous clemency, that inseparable attendant on true heroism, laboured incessantly, and to the very last moment, to preserve the place. With this view, he again and again intreated the tyrants to surrender and save their lives. With the same view also, after carrying the second wall the siege was intermitted four days: to rouse their fears, prisoners, to the number of five hundred, or more were crucified daily before the walls; till space, Josephus says, was wanting for the crosses, and crosses for the captives.”

From the Hampton Lectures of Ralph Churton.

If any of my readers should enquire why Titus Vespasian, the Delight of Mankind, is placed in such a situation,--I answer, for “HIS GENEROUS CLEMENCY, THAT INSEPARABLE ATTENDANT ON TRUE HEROISM!”
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The Third Book

The Maiden, musing on the Warrior’s words,
Turn’d from the Hall of Glory. Now they reach’d
A cavern, at whose mouth a Genius stood,
In front a beardless youth, whose smiling eye
Beam’d promise, but behind, withered and old,
And all unlovely. Underneath his feet
Lay records trampled, and the laurel wreath
Now rent and faded: in his hand he held
An hour-glass, and as fall the restless sands,
So pass the lives of men. By him they past
Along the darksome cave, and reach’d a stream,
Still rolling onward its perpetual waves,
Noiseless and undisturbed. Here they ascend
A Bark unpiloted, that down the flood,
Borne by the current, rush’d. The circling stream,
Returning to itself, an island form’d;
Nor had the Maiden’s footsteps ever reach’d
The insulated coast, eternally
Rapt round the endless course; but Theodore
Drove with an angel’s will the obedient bark.

They land, a mighty fabric meets their eyes,
Seen by its gem-born light. Of adamant
The pile was framed, for ever to abide
Firm in eternal strength. Before the gate
Stood eager Expectation, as to list
The half-heard murmurs issuing from within,
Her mouth half-open’d, and her head stretch’d forth.
On the other side there stood an aged Crone,
Listening to every breath of air; she knew
Vague suppositions and uncertain dreams,
Of what was soon to come, for she would mark
The paley glow-worm’s self-created light,
And argue thence of kingdoms overthrown,
And desolated nations; ever fill’d
With undetermin’d terror, as she heard
Or distant screech-owl, or the regular beat
Of evening death-watch.
“Maid,” the Spirit cried,
Here, robed in shadows, dwells Futurity.
There is no eye hath seen her secret form,
For round the Mother of Time, unpierced mists
Aye hover. Would’st thou read the book of Fate,
Enter.”
The Damsel for a moment paus’d,
Then to the Angel spake: “All-gracious Heaven!
Benignant in withholding, hath denied
To man that knowledge. I, in faith assured,
That he, my heavenly Father, for the best
Ordaineth all things, in that faith remain
Contented.”
“Well and wisely hast thou said,
So Theodore replied; “and now O Maid!
Is there amid this boundless universe
One whom thy soul would visit? is there place
To memory dear, or visioned out by hope,
Where thou would’st now be present? form the wish,
And I am with thee, there.”
His closing speech
Yet sounded on her ear, and lo! they stood
Swift as the sudden thought that guided them,
Within the little cottage that she loved.
“He sleeps! the good man sleeps!” enrapt she cried,
As bending o’er her Uncle’s lowly bed
Her eye retraced his features. “See the beads
That never morn nor night he fails to tell,
Remembering me, his child, in every prayer.
Oh! quiet be thy sleep, thou dear old man!
Good Angels guard thy rest! and when thine hour
Is come, as gently mayest thou wake to life,
As when thro’ yonder lattice the next sun
Shall bid thee to thy morning orisons!
Thy voice is heard, the Angel guide rejoin’d,
He sees thee in his dreams, he hears thee breathe
Blessings, and pleasant is the good man’s rest.
Thy fame has reached him, for who has not heard
Thy wonderous exploits? and his aged heart
Hath felt the deepest joy that ever yet
Made his glad blood flow fast. Sleep on old Claude!
Peaceful, pure Spirit, be thy sojourn here,
And short and soon thy passage to that world
Where friends shall part no more!
“Does thy soul own
No other wish? or sleeps poor Madelon
Forgotten in her grave? seest thou yon star,”
The Spirit pursued, regardless of her eye
That look’d reproach; “seest thou that evening star
Whose lovely light so often we beheld
From yonder woodbine porch? how have we gazed
Into the dark deep sky, till the baffled soul,
Lost in the infinite, returned, and felt
The burthen of her bodily load, and yearned
For freedom! Maid, in yonder evening slar
Lives thy departed friend. I read that glance,
And we are there!”
He said and they had past
The immeasurable space.
Then on her ear
The lonely song of adoration rose,
Sweet as the cloister’d virgins vesper hymn,
Whose spirit, happily dead to earthly hopes
Already lives in Heaven. Abrupt the song
Ceas’d, tremulous and quick a cry
Of joyful wonder rous’d the astonish’d Maid,
And instant Madelon was in her arms;
No airy form, no unsubstantial shape,
She felt her friend, she prest her to her heart,
Their tears of rapture mingled.
She drew back
And eagerly she gazed on Madelon,
Then fell upon her neck again and wept.
No more she saw the long-drawn lines of grief,
The emaciate form, the hue of sickliness,
The languid eye: youth’s loveliest freshness now
Mantled her cheek, whose every lineament
Bespake the soul at rest, a holy calm,
A deep and full tranquillity of bliss.

“Thou then art come, my first and dearest friend!”
The well known voice of Madelon began,
“Thou then art come! and was thy pilgrimage
So short on earth? and was it painful too,
Painful and short as mine? but blessed they
Who from the crimes and miseries of the world
Early escape!”
“Nay,” Theodore replied,
She hath not yet fulfill’d her mortal work.
Permitted visitant from earth she comes
To see the seat of rest, and oftentimes
In sorrow shall her soul remember this,
And patient of the transitory woe
Partake the anticipated peace again.”
“Soon be that work perform’d!” the Maid exclaimed,
“O Madelon! O Theodore! my soul,
Spurning the cold communion of the world,
Will dwell with you! but I shall patiently,
Yea even with joy, endure the allotted ills
Of which the memory in this better state
Shall heighten bliss. That hour of agony,
When, Madelon, I felt thy dying grasp,
And from thy forehead wiped the dews of death,
The very horrors of that hour assume
A shape that now delights.”
“O earliest friend!
I too remember,” Madelon replied,
“That hour, thy looks of watchful agony,
The suppressed grief that struggled in thine eye
Endearing love’s last kindness. Thou didst know
With what a deep and melancholy joy
I felt the hour draw on: but who can speak
The unutterable transport, when mine eyes,
As from a long and dreary dream, unclosed
Amid this peaceful vale, unclos’d on him,
My Arnaud! he had built me up a bower,
A bower of rest.--See, Maiden, where he comes,
His manly lineaments, his beaming eye
The same, but now a holier innocence
Sits on his cheek, and loftier thoughts illume
The enlighten’d glance.”
They met, what joy was theirs
He best can feel, who for a dear friend dead
Has wet the midnight pillow with his tears.

Fair was the scene around; an ample vale
Whose mountain circle at the distant verge
Lay softened on the sight; the near ascent
Rose bolder up, in part abrupt and bare,
Part with the ancient majesty of woods
Adorn’d, or lifting high its rocks sublime.
The river’s liquid radiance roll’d beneath,
Beside the bower of Madelon it wound
A broken stream, whose shallows, tho’ the waves
Roll’d on their way with rapid melody,
A child might tread. Behind, an orange grove
Its gay green foliage starr’d with golden fruit;
But with what odours did their blossoms load
The passing gale of eve! less thrilling sweet
Rose from the marble’s perforated floor,
Where kneeling at her prayers, the Moorish queen
Inhaled the cool delight1, and whilst she asked
The Prophet for his promised paradise,
Shaped from the present scene its utmost joys.
A goodly scene! fair as that faery land
Where Arthur lives, by ministering spirits borne
From Camlan’s bloody banks; or as the groves
Of earliest Eden, where, so legends say,
Enoch abides, and he who rapt away
By fiery steeds, and chariotted in fire,
Past in his mortal form the eternal ways;
And John, beloved of Christ, enjoying there
The beatific vision, sometimes seen
The distant dawning of eternal day,
Till all things be fulfilled.
“Survey this scene!”
So Theodore address’d the Maid of Arc,
“There is no evil here, no wretchedness,
It is the Heaven of those who nurst on earth
Their nature’s gentlest feelings. Yet not here
Centering their joys, but with a patient hope,
Waiting the allotted hour when capable
Of loftier callings, to a better state
They pass; and hither from that better state
Frequent they come, preserving so those ties
That thro’ the infinite progressiveness
Complete our perfect bliss.
“Even such, so blest,
Save that the memory of no sorrows past
Heightened the present joy, our world was once,
In the first æra of its innocence
Ere man had learnt to bow the knee to man.
Was there a youth whom warm affection fill’d,
He spake his honest heart; the earliest fruits
His toil produced, the sweetest flowers that deck’d
The sunny bank, he gather’d for the maid,
Nor she disdain’d the gift; for Vice not yet
Had burst the dungeons of her hell, and rear’d
Those artificial boundaries that divide
Man from his species. State of blessedness!
Till that ill-omen’d hour when Cain’s stern son
Delved in the bowels of the earth for gold,
Accursed bane of virtue! of such force
As poets feign dwelt in the Gorgon’s locks,
Which whoso saw, felt instant the life-blood
Cold curdle in his veins, the creeping flesh
Grew stiff with horror, and the heart forgot
To beat. Accursed hour! for man no more
To Justice paid his homage, but forsook
Her altars, and bow’d down before the shrine
Of Wealth and Power, the Idols he had made.
Then Hell enlarged herself, her gates flew wide,
Her legion fiends rush’d forth. Oppression came
Whose frown is desolation, and whose breath
Blasts like the Pestilence; and Poverty,
A meagre monster, who with withering touch
Makes barren all the better part of man,
Mother of Miseries. Then the goodly earth
Which God had fram’d for happiness, became
One theatre of woe, and all that God
Had given to bless free men, these tyrant fiends
His bitterest curses made. Yet for the best
Hath he ordained all things, the ALL-WISE!
For by experience rous’d shall man at length
Dash down his Moloch-Idols, Samson-like
And burst his fetters, only strong whilst strong
Believed. Then in the bottomless abyss
Oppression shall be chain’d, and Poverty
Die, and with her, her brood of Miseries;
And Virtue and Equality preserve
The reign of Love, and Earth shall once again
Be Paradise, whilst Wisdom shall secure
The state of bliss which Ignorance betrayed.”

“Oh age of happiness!” the Maid exclaim’d,
Roll fast thy current, Time till that blest age
Arrive! and happy thou my Theodore,
Permitted thus to see the sacred depths
Of wisdom!”
“Such,” the blessed Spirit replied,
Beloved! such our lot; allowed to range
The vast infinity, progressive still
In knowledge and encreasing blessedness,
This our united portion. Thou hast yet
A little while to sojourn amongst men:
I will be with thee! there shall not a breeze
Wanton around thy temples, on whose wing
I will not hover near! and at that hour
When from its fleshly sepulchre let loose,
Thy phoenix soul shall soar, O best-beloved!
I will be with thee in thine agonies,
And welcome thee to life and happiness,
Eternal infinite beatitude!”

He spake, and led her near a straw-roof’d cot,
Love’s Palace. By the Virtues circled there,
The cherub listen’d to such melodies,
As aye, when one good deed is register’d
Above, re-echo in the halls of Heaven.
Labour was there, his crisp locks floating loose,
Clear was his cheek, and beaming his full eye,
And strong his arm robust; the wood-nymph Health
Still follow’d on his path, and where he trod
Fresh flowers and fruits arose. And there was Hope,
The general friend; and Pity, whose mild eye
Wept o’er the widowed dove; and, loveliest form,
Majestic Chastity, whose sober smile
Delights and awes the soul; a laurel wreath
Restrain’d her tresses, and upon her breast
The snow-drop2 hung its head, that seem’d to grow
Spontaneous, cold and fair: still by the maid
Love went submiss, wilh eye more dangerous
Than fancied basilisk to wound whoe’er
Too bold approached; yet anxious would he read
Her every rising wish, then only pleased
When pleasing. Hymning him the song was rais’d.

“Glory to thee whose vivifying power
Pervades all Nature’s universal frame!
Glory to thee Creator Love! to thee,
Parent of all the smiling Charities,
That strew the thorny path of Life with flowers!
Glory to thee Preserver! to thy praise
The awakened woodlands echo all the day
Their living melody; and warbling forth
To thee her twilight song, the Nightingale
Holds the lone Traveller from his way, or charms
The listening Poet’s ear. Where Love shall deign
To fix his seat, there blameless Pleasure sheds
Her roseate dews; Content will sojourn there,
And Happiness behold Affection eye
Gleam with the Mother’s smile. Thrice happy he
Who feels thy holy power! he shall not drag,
Forlorn and friendless, along Life’s long path
To Age’s drear abode; he shall not waste
The bitter evening of his days unsooth’d;
But Hope shall cheer his hours of Solitude,
And Vice shall vainly strive to wound his breast,
That bears that talisman; and when he meets
The eloquent eye of Tenderness, and hears
The bosom-thrilling music of her voice;
The joy he feels shall purify his Soul,
And imp it for anticipated Heaven.”
Footnote 1: In the cabinet of the Alhambra where the Queen used to dress and say her prayers, and which is still an enchanting sight, there is a slab of marble full of small holes, through which perfumes exhaled that were kept constantly burning beneath. The doors and windows are disposed so as to afford the most agreeable prospects, and to throw a soft yet lively light upon the eyes. Fresh currents of air too are admitted, so as to renew every instant the delicious coolness of this apartment.

From the sketch of the History of the Spanish Moors, prefixed to Florian’s Gonsalvo of Cordova.
return to footnote mark
Footnote 2: “The grave matron does not perceive how time has impaired her charms, but decks her faded bosom with the same snow-drop that seems to grow on the breast of the Virgin.” P.H.
return
The Rose

Betwene the Cytee and the Chirche of Bethlehem, is the felde Floridus, that is to seyne, the feld florisched. For als moche as a fayre Mayden was blamed with wrong and sclaundred, that sche hadde don fornicacioun, for whiche cause sche was demed to the dethe, and to be brent in that place, to the whiche sche was ladd. And as the fyre began to brenne about hire, she made hire preyeres to oure Lord, that als wissely as sche was not gylty of that synne, that he wold help hire, and make it to be knowen to alle men of his mercyfulle grace; and whanne she had thus seyd, sche entered into the fuyer, and anon was the fuyer quenched and oute, and the brondes that weren brennynge, becomen white Roseres, fulle of roses, and theise weren the first Roseres and roses, bothe white and rede, that evere ony man saughe. And thus was this Maiden saved be the Grace of God.

The Voiage and Travaile of Sir John Maundevile.
The Rose 
Nay Edith! spare the rose!--it lives--it lives,
It feels the noon-tide sun, and drinks refresh’d
The dews of night; let not thy gentle hand
Tear sunder its life-fibres and destroy
The sense of being!--why that infidel smile?
Come, I will bribe thee to be merciful,
And thou shall have a tale of other times,
For I am skill’d in legendary lore,
So thou wilt let it live. There was a time
Ere this, the freshest sweetest flower that blooms,
Bedeck’d the bowers of earth. Thou hast not heard
How first by miracle its fragrant leaves
Spread to the sun their blushing loveliness.

There dwelt at Bethlehem a Jewish maid
And Zillah was her name, so passing fair
That all Judea spake the damsel’s praise.
He who had seen her eyes’ dark radiance
How quick it spake the soul, and what a soul
Beam’d in its mild effulgence, woe was he!
For not in solitude, for not in crowds,
Might he escape remembrance, or avoid
Her imaged form that followed every where,
And fill’d the heart, and fix’d the absent eye.
Woe was he, for her bosom own’d no love
Save the strong ardours of religious zeal,
For Zillah on her God had centered all
Her spirit’s deep affections. So for her
Her tribes-men sigh’d in vain, yet reverenced
The obdurate virtue that destroyed their hopes.

One man there was, a vain and wretched man,
Who saw, desired, despair’d, and hated her.
His sensual eye had gloated on her cheek
Even till the flush of angry modesty
Gave it new charms, and made him gloat the more.
She loath’d the man, for Hamuel’s eye was bold,
And the strong workings of brute selfishness
Had moulded his broad features; and she fear’d
The bitterness of wounded vanity
That with a fiendish hue would overcast
His faint and lying smile. Nor vain her fear,
For Hamuel vowed revenge and laid a plot
Against her virgin fame. He spread abroad
Whispers that travel fast, and ill reports
That soon obtain belief; that Zillah’s eye
When in the temple heaven-ward it was rais’d
Did swim with rapturous zeal, but there were those
Who had beheld the enthusiast’s melting glance
With other feelings fill’d; that ’twas a task
Of easy sort to play the saint by day
Before the public eye, but that all eyes
Were closed at night; that Zillah’s life was foul,
Yea forfeit to the law.

Shame--shame to man
That he should trust so easily the tongue
That stabs another’s fame! the ill report
Was heard, repeated, and believed,--and soon,
For Hamuel by most damned artifice
Produced such semblances of guilt, the Maid
Was judged to shameful death.
Without the walls
There was a barren field; a place abhorr’d,
For it was there where wretched criminals
Were done to die; and there they built the stake,
And piled the fuel round, that should consume
The accused Maid, abandon’d, as it seem’d,
By God and man. The assembled Bethlemites
Beheld the scene, and when they saw the Maid
Bound to the stake, with what calm holiness
She lifted up her patient looks to Heaven,
They doubted of her guilt. With other thoughts
Stood Hamuel near the pile, him savage joy
Led thitherward, but now within his heart
Unwonted feelings stirr’d, and the first pangs
Of wakening guilt, anticipating Hell.
The eye of Zillah as it glanced around
Fell on the murderer once, but not in wrath;
And therefore like a dagger it had fallen,
Had struck into his soul a cureless wound.
Conscience! thou God within us! not in the hour
Of triumph, dost thou spare the guilty wretch,
Not in the hour of infamy and death
Forsake the virtuous! they draw near the stake--
And lo! the torch! hold hold your erring hands!
Yet quench the rising flames!--they rise! they spread!
They reach the suffering Maid! oh God protect
The innocent one!
They rose, they spread, they raged--
The breath of God went forth; the ascending fire
Beneath its influence bent, and all its flames
In one long lightning flash collecting fierce,
Darted and blasted Hamuel--him alone.
Hark--what a fearful scream the multitude
Pour forth!--and yet more miracles! the stake
Buds out, and spreads its light green leaves and bowers
The innocent Maid, and roses bloom around,
Now first beheld since Paradise was lost,
And fill with Eden odours all the air.
The Complaints of the Poor

And wherefore do the Poor complain?
The rich man asked of me,--
Come walk abroad with me, I said
And I will answer thee.

Twas evening and the frozen streets
Were cheerless to behold,
And we were wrapt and coated well,
And yet we were a-cold.

We met an old bare-headed man,
His locks were few and white,
I ask’d him what he did abroad
In that cold winter’s night:

’Twas bitter keen indeed, he said,
But at home no fire had he,
And therefore, he had come abroad
To ask for charity.

We met a young bare-footed child,
And she begg’d loud and bold,
I ask’d her what she did abroad
When the wind it blew so cold;

She said her father was at home
And he lay sick a-bed,
And therefore was it she was sent
Abroad to beg for bread.

We saw a woman sitting down
Upon a stone to rest,
She had a baby at her back
And another at her breast;

I ask’d her why she loiter’d there
When the wind it was so chill;
She turn’d her head and bade the child
That scream’d behind be still.

She told us that her husband served
A soldier, far away,
And therefore to her parish she
Was begging back her way.

We met a girl; her dress was loose
And sunken was her eye,
Who with the wanton’s hollow voice
Address’d the passers by;

I ask’d her what there was in guilt
That could her heart allure
To shame, disease, and late remorse?
She answer’d, she was poor.

I turn’d me to the rich man then
For silently stood he,
You ask’d me why the Poor complain,
And these have answer’d thee.
Metrical Letter

written from London
Margaret! my Cousin!--nay, you must not smile;
I love the homely and familiar phrase;
And I will call thee Cousin Margaret,
However quaint amid the measured line
The good old term appears. Oh! it looks ill
When delicate tongues disclaim old terms of kin,
Sirring and Madaming as civilly
As if the road between the heart and lips
Were such a weary and Laplandish way
That the poor travellers came to the red gates
Half frozen. Trust me Cousin Margaret,
For many a day my Memory has played
The creditor with me on your account,
And made me shame to think that I should owe
So long the debt of kindness. But in truth,
Like Christian on his pilgrimage, I bear
So heavy a pack of business, that albeit
I toil on mainly, in our twelve hours race
Time leaves me distanced. Loath indeed were I
That for a moment you should lay to me
Unkind neglect; mine, Margaret, is a heart
That smokes not, yet methinks there should be some
Who know how warm it beats. I am not one
Who can play off my smiles and courtesies
To every Lady of her lap dog tired
Who wants a play-thing; I am no sworn friend
Of half-an-hour, as apt to leave as love;
Mine are no mushroom feelings that spring up
At once without a seed and take no root,
Wiseliest distrusted. In a narrow sphere
The little circle of domestic life
I would be known and loved; the world beyond
Is not for me. But Margaret, sure I think
That you should know me well, for you and I
Grew up together, and when we look back
Upon old times our recollections paint
The same familiar faces. Did I wield
The wand of Merlin’s magic I would make
Brave witchcraft. We would have a faery ship,
Aye, a new Ark, as in that other flood
That cleansed the sons of Anak from the earth,
The Sylphs should waft us to some goodly isle
Like that where whilome old Apollidon
Built up his blameless spell; and I would bid
The Sea Nymphs pile around their coral bowers,
That we might stand upon the beach, and mark
The far-off breakers shower their silver spray,
And hear the eternal roar whose pleasant sound
Told us that never mariner should reach
Our quiet coast. In such a blessed isle
We might renew the days of infancy,
And Life like a long childhood pass away,
Without one care. It may be, Margaret,
That I shall yet be gathered to my friends,
For I am not of those who live estranged
Of choice, till at the last they join their race
In the family vault. If so, if I should lose,
Like my old friend the Pilgrim, this huge pack
So heavy on my shoulders, I and mine
Will end our pilgrimage most pleasantly.
If not, if I should never get beyond
This Vanity town, there is another world
Where friends will meet. And often, Margaret,
I gaze at night into the boundless sky,
And think that I shall there be born again,
The exalted native of some better star;
And like the rude American I hope
To find in Heaven the things I loved on earth.
Ballads

The Cross Roads

The circumstance related in the following Ballad happened about forty years ago in a village adjacent to Bristol. A person who was present at the funeral, told me the story and the particulars of the interment, as I have versified them.
There was an old man breaking stones
To mend the turnpike way,
He sat him down beside a brook
And out his bread and cheese he took,
For now it was mid-day.

He lent his back against a post,
His feet the brook ran by;
And there were water-cresses growing,
And pleasant was the water’s flowing
For he was hot and dry.

A soldier with his knapsack on
Came travelling o’er the down,
The sun was strong and he was tired,
And of the old man he enquired
How far to Bristol town.

Half an hour’s walk for a young man
By lanes and fields and stiles.
But you the foot-path do not know,
And if along the road you go
Why then ’tis three good miles.

The soldier took his knapsack off
For he was hot and dry;
And out his bread and cheese he took
And he sat down beside the brook
To dine in company.

Old friend! in faith, the soldier says
I envy you almost;
My shoulders have been sorely prest
And I should like to sit and rest,
My back against that post.

In such a sweltering day as this
A knapsack is the devil!
And if on t’other side I sat
It would not only spoil our chat
But make me seem uncivil.

The old man laugh’d and moved. I wish
It were a great-arm’d chair!
But this may help a man at need;
And yet it was a cursed deed
That ever brought it there.

There’s a poor girl lies buried here
Beneath this very place.
The earth upon her corpse is prest
This stake is driven into her breast
And a stone is on her face.

The soldier had but just lent back
And now he half rose up.
There’s sure no harm in dining here,
My friend? and yet to be sincere
I should not like to sup.

God rest her! she is still enough
Who sleeps beneath our feet!
The old man cried. No harm I trow
She ever did herself, tho’ now
She lies where four roads meet.

I have past by about that hour
When men are not most brave,
It did not make my heart to fail,
And I have heard the nightingale
Sing sweetly on her grave.

I have past by about that hour
When Ghosts their freedom have,
But there was nothing here to fright,
And I have seen the glow-worm’s light
Shine on the poor girl’s grave.

There’s one who like a Christian lies
Beneath the church-tree’s shade;
I’d rather go a long mile round
Than pass at evening thro’ the ground
Wherein that man is laid.

There’s one that in the church-yard lies
For whom the bell did toll;
He lies in consecrated ground,
But for all the wealth in Bristol town
I would not be with his soul!

Did’st see a house below the hill
That the winds and the rains destroy?
’Twas then a farm where he did dwell,
And I remember it full well
When I was a growing boy.

And she was a poor parish girl
That came up from the west,
From service hard she ran away
And at that house in evil day
Was taken in to rest.

The man he was a wicked man
And an evil life he led;
Rage made his cheek grow deadly white
And his grey eyes were large and light,
And in anger they grew red.

The man was bad, the mother worse,
Bad fruit of a bad stem,
’Twould make your hair to stand-on-end
If I should tell to you my friend
The things that were told of them!

Did’st see an out-house standing by?
The walls alone remain;
It was a stable then, but now
Its mossy roof has fallen through
All rotted by the rain.

The poor girl she had serv’d with them
Some half-a-year, or more,
When she was found hung up one day
Stiff as a corpse and cold as clay
Behind that stable door!

It is a very lonesome place,
No hut or house is near;
Should one meet a murderer there alone
’Twere vain to scream, and the dying groan
Would never reach mortal ear.

And there were strange reports about
That the coroner never guest.
So he decreed that she should lie
Where four roads meet in infamy,
With a stake drove in her breast.

Upon a board they carried her
To the place where four roads met,
And I was one among the throng
That hither followed them along,
I shall never the sight forget!

They carried her upon a board
In the cloaths in which she died;
I saw the cap blow off her head,
Her face was of a dark dark red
Her eyes were starting wide:

I think they could not have been closed
So widely did they strain.
I never saw so dreadful a sight,
And it often made me wake at night,
For I saw her face again.

They laid her here where four roads meet.
Beneath this very place,
The earth upon her corpse was prest,
This post is driven into her breast,
And a stone is on her face.
The Sailor

who had served in the Slave Trade

In September, 1798, a Dissenting Minister of Bristol, discovered a Sailor in the neighbourhood of that City, groaning and praying in a hovel. The circumstance that occasioned his agony of mind is detailed in the annexed Ballad, without the slightest addition or alteration. By presenting it as a Poem the story is made more public, and such stories ought to be made as public as possible.
He stopt,--it surely was a groan
That from the hovel came!
He stopt and listened anxiously
Again it sounds the same.

It surely from the hovel comes!
And now he hastens there,
And thence he hears the name of Christ
Amidst a broken prayer.

He entered in the hovel now,
A sailor there he sees,
His hands were lifted up to Heaven
And he was on his knees.

Nor did the Sailor so intent
His entering footsteps heed,
But now the Lord’s prayer said, and now
His half-forgotten creed.

And often on his Saviour call’d
With many a bitter groan,
In such heart-anguish as could spring
From deepest guilt alone.

He ask’d the miserable man
Why he was kneeling there,
And what the crime had been that caus’d
The anguish of his prayer.

Oh I have done a wicked thing!
It haunts me night and day,
And I have sought this lonely place
Here undisturb’d to pray.

I have no place to pray on board
So I came here alone,
That I might freely kneel and pray,
And call on Christ and groan.

If to the main-mast head I go,
The wicked one is there,
From place to place, from rope to rope,
He follows every where.

I shut my eyes,--it matters not--
Still still the same I see,--
And when I lie me down at night
’Tis always day with me.

He follows follows every where,
And every place is Hell!
O God--and I must go with him
In endless fire to dwell.

He follows follows every where,
He’s still above--below,
Oh tell me where to fly from him!
Oh tell me where to go!

But tell me, quoth the Stranger then,
What this thy crime hath been,
So haply I may comfort give
To one that grieves for sin.

O I have done a cursed deed
The wretched man replies,
And night and day and every where
’Tis still before my eyes.

I sail’d on board a Guinea-man
And to the slave-coast went;
Would that the sea had swallowed me
When I was innocent!

And we took in our cargo there,
Three hundred negroe slaves,
And we sail’d homeward merrily
Over the ocean waves.

But some were sulky of the slaves
And would not touch their meat,
So therefore we were forced by threats
And blows to make them eat.

One woman sulkier than the rest
Would still refuse her food,--
O Jesus God! I hear her cries--
I see her in her blood!

The Captain made me tie her up
And flog while he stood by,
And then he curs’d me if I staid
My hand to hear her cry.

She groan’d, she shriek’d--I could not spare
For the Captain he stood by--
Dear God! that I might rest one night
From that poor woman’s cry!

She twisted from the blows--her blood
Her mangled flesh I see--
And still the Captain would not spare--
Oh he was worse than me!

She could not be more glad than I
When she was taken down,
A blessed minute--’twas the last
That I have ever known!

I did not close my eyes all night,
Thinking what I had done;
I heard her groans and they grew faint
About the rising sun.

She groan’d and groan’d, but her groans grew
Fainter at morning tide,
Fainter and fainter still they came
Till at the noon she died.

They flung her overboard;--poor wretch
She rested from her pain,--
But when--O Christ! O blessed God!
Shall I have rest again!

I saw the sea close over her,
Yet she was still in sight;
I see her twisting every where;
I see her day and night.

Go where I will, do what I can
The wicked one I see--
Dear Christ have mercy on my soul,
O God deliver me!

To morrow I set sail again
Not to the Negroe shore--
Wretch that I am I will at least
Commit that sin no more.

O give me comfort if you can--
Oh tell me where to fly--
And bid me hope, if there be hope,
For one so lost as I.

Poor wretch, the stranger he replied,
Put thou thy trust in heaven,
And call on him for whose dear sake
All sins shall be forgiven.

This night at least is thine, go thou
And seek the house of prayer,
There shalt thou hear the word of God
And he will help thee there!
Jaspar

The stories of the two following ballads are wholly imaginary. I may say of each as John Bunyan did of his Pilgrim’s Progress,
It came from mine own heart, so to my head,
And thence into my fingers trickled;
Then to my pen, from whence immediately
On paper I did dribble it daintily.
Jaspar
Jaspar was poor, and want and vice
Had made his heart like stone,
And Jaspar look’d with envious eyes
On riches not his own.

On plunder bent abroad he went
Towards the close of day,
And loitered on the lonely road
Impatient for his prey.

No traveller came, he loiter’d long
And often look’d around,
And paus’d and listen’d eagerly
To catch some coming sound.

He sat him down beside the stream
That crossed the lonely way,
So fair a scene might well have charm’d
All evil thoughts away;

He sat beneath a willow tree
That cast a trembling shade,
The gentle river full in front
A little island made,

Where pleasantly the moon-beam shone
Upon the poplar trees,
Whose shadow on the stream below
Play’d slowly to the breeze.

He listen’d--and he heard the wind
That waved the willow tree;
He heard the waters flow along
And murmur quietly.

He listen’d for the traveller’s tread,
The nightingale sung sweet,--
He started up, for now he heard
The sound of coming feet;

He started up and graspt a stake
And waited for his prey;
There came a lonely traveller
And Jaspar crost his way.

But Jaspar’s threats and curses fail’d
The traveller to appal,
He would not lightly yield the purse
That held his little all.

Awhile he struggled, but he strove
With Jaspar’s strength in vain;
Beneath his blows he fell and groan’d,
And never spoke again.

He lifted up the murdered man
And plunged him in the flood,
And in the running waters then
He cleansed his hands from blood.

The waters closed around the corpse
And cleansed his hands from gore,
The willow waved, the stream flowed on
And murmured as before.

There was no human eye had seen
The blood the murderer spilt,
And Jaspar’s conscience never knew
The avenging goad of guilt.

And soon the ruffian had consum’d
The gold he gain’d so ill,
And years of secret guilt pass’d on
And he was needy still.

One eve beside the alehouse fire
He sat as it befell,
When in there came a labouring man
Whom Jaspar knew full well.

He sat him down by Jaspar’s side
A melancholy man,
For spite of honest toil, the world
Went hard with Jonathan.

His toil a little earn’d, and he
With little was content,
But sickness on his wife had fallen
And all he had was spent.

Then with his wife and little ones
He shared the scanty meal,
And saw their looks of wretchedness,
And felt what wretches feel.

That very morn the Landlord’s power
Had seized the little left,
And now the sufferer found himself
Of every thing bereft.

He lent his head upon his hand,
His elbow on his knee,
And so by Jaspar’s side he sat
And not a word said he.

Nay--why so downcast? Jaspar cried,
Come--cheer up Jonathan!
Drink neighbour drink! ’twill warm thy heart,
Come! come! take courage man!

He took the cup that Jaspar gave
And down he drain’d it *quic
I have a wife, said Jonathan,
And she is deadly sick.

She has no bed to lie upon,
I saw them take her bed.
And I have children--would to God
That they and I were dead!

Our Landlord he goes home to night
And he will sleep in peace.
I would that I were in my grave
For there all troubles cease.

In vain I pray’d him to forbear
Tho’ wealth enough has he--
God be to him as merciless
As he has been to me!

When Jaspar saw the poor man’s soul
On all his ills intent,
He plied him with the heartening cup
And with him forth he went.

This landlord on his homeward road
’Twere easy now to meet.
The road is lonesome--Jonathan,
And vengeance, man! is sweet.

He listen’d to the tempter’s voice
The thought it made him start.
His head was hot, and wretchedness
Had hardened now his heart.

Along the lonely road they went
And waited for their prey,
They sat them down beside the stream
That crossed the lonely way.

They sat them down beside the stream
And never a word they said,
They sat and listen’d silently
To hear the traveller’s tread.

The night was calm, the night was dark,
No star was in the sky,
The wind it waved the willow boughs,
The stream flowed quietly.

The night was calm, the air was still,
Sweet sung the nightingale,
The soul of Jonathan was sooth’d,
His heart began to fail.

’Tis weary waiting here, he cried,
And now the hour is late,--
Methinks he will not come to night,
’Tis useless more to wait.

Have patience man! the ruffian said,
A little we may wait,
But longer shall his wife expect
Her husband at the gate.

Then Jonathan grew sick at heart,
My conscience yet is clear,
Jaspar--it is not yet too late--
I will not linger here.

How now! cried Jaspar, why I thought
Thy conscience was asleep.
No more such qualms, the night is dark,
The river here is deep,

What matters that, said Jonathan,
Whose blood began to freeze,
When there is one above whose eye
The deeds of darkness sees?

We are safe enough, said Jaspar then
If that be all thy fear;
Nor eye below, nor eye above
Can pierce the darkness here.

That instant as the murderer spake
There came a sudden light;
Strong as the mid-day sun it shone,
Though all around was night.

It hung upon the willow tree,
It hung upon the flood,
It gave to view the poplar isle
And all the scene of blood.

The traveller who journies there
He surely has espied
A madman who has made his home
Upon the river’s side.

His cheek is pale, his eye is wild,
His look bespeaks despair;
For Jaspar since that hour has made
His home unshelter’d there.

And fearful are his dreams at night
And dread to him the day;
He thinks upon his untold crime
And never dares to pray.

The summer suns, the winter storms,
O’er him unheeded roll,
For heavy is the weight of blood
Upon the maniac’s soul.
Lord William

No eye beheld when William plunged
Young Edmund in the stream,
No human ear but William’s heard
Young Edmund’s drowning scream.

Submissive all the vassals own’d
The murderer for their Lord,
And he, the rightful heir, possessed
The house of Erlingford.

The ancient house of Erlingford
Stood midst a fair domain,
And Severn’s ample waters near
Roll’d through the fertile plain.

And often the way-faring man
Would love to linger there,
Forgetful of his onward road
To gaze on scenes so fair.

But never could Lord William dare
To gaze on Severn’s stream;
In every wind that swept its waves
He heard young Edmund scream.

In vain at midnight’s silent hour
Sleep closed the murderer’s eyes,
In every dream the murderer saw
Young Edmund’s form arise.

In vain by restless conscience driven
Lord William left his home,
Far from the scenes that saw his guilt,
In pilgrimage to roam.

To other climes the pilgrim fled,
But could not fly despair,
He sought his home again, but peace
Was still a stranger there.

Each hour was tedious long, yet swift
The months appear’d to roll;
And now the day return’d that shook
With terror William’s soul.

A day that William never felt
Return without dismay,
For well had conscience kalendered
Young Edmund’s dying day.

A fearful day was that! the rains
Fell fast, with tempest roar,
And the swoln tide of Severn spread
Far on the level shore.

In vain Lord William sought the feast
In vain he quaff’d the bowl,
And strove with noisy mirth to drown
The anguish of his soul.

The tempest as its sudden swell
In gusty howlings came,
With cold and death-like feelings seem’d
To thrill his shuddering frame.

Reluctant now, as night came on,
His lonely couch he prest,
And wearied out, he sunk to sleep,
To sleep, but not to rest.

Beside that couch his brother’s form
Lord Edmund seem’d to stand,
Such and so pale as when in death
He grasp’d his brother’s hand;

Such and so pale his face as when
With faint and faltering tongue,
To William’s care, a dying charge
He left his orphan son.

“I bade thee with a father’s love
My orphan Edmund guard--
Well William hast thou kept thy charge!
Now take thy due reward.”

He started up, each limb convuls’d
With agonizing fear,
He only heard the storm of night--
’Twas music to his ear.

When lo! the voice of loud alarm
His inmost soul appals,
What ho! Lord William rise in haste!
The water saps thy walls!

He rose in haste, beneath the walls
He saw the flood appear,
It hemm’d him round, ’twas midnight now,
No human aid was near.

He heard the shout of joy, for now
A boat approach’d the wall,
And eager to the welcome aid
They crowd for safety all.

My boat is small, the boatman cried,
This dangerous haste forbear!
Wait other aid, this little bark
But one from hence can bear.

Lord William leap’d into the boat,
Haste--haste to yonder shore!
And ample wealth shall well reward,
Ply swift and strong the oar.

The boatman plied the oar, the boat
Went light along the stream,
Sudden Lord William heard a cry
Like Edmund’s drowning scream.

The boatman paus’d, methought I heard
A child’s distressful cry!
’Twas but the howling wind of night
Lord William made reply.

Haste haste--ply swift and strong the oar!
Haste haste across the stream!
Again Lord William heard a cry
Like Edmund’s drowning scream.

I heard a child’s distressful scream
The boatman cried again.
Nay hasten on--the night is dark--
And we should search in vain.

Oh God! Lord William dost thou know
How dreadful ’tis to die?
And can’st thou without pity hear
A child’s expiring cry?

How horrible it is to sink
Beneath the chilly stream,
To stretch the powerless arms in vain,
In vain for help to scream?

The shriek again was heard. It came
More deep, more piercing loud,
That instant o’er the flood the moon
Shone through a broken cloud.

And near them they beheld a child,
Upon a crag he stood,
A little crag, and all around
Was spread the rising flood.

The boatman plied the oar, the boat
Approach’d his resting place,
The moon-beam shone upon the child
And show’d how pale his face.

Now reach thine hand! the boatman cried
Lord William reach and save!
The child stretch’d forth his little hands
To grasp the hand he gave.

Then William shriek’d; the hand he touch’d
Was cold and damp and dead!
He felt young Edmund in his arms
A heavier weight than lead.

The boat sunk down, the murderer sunk
Beneath the avenging stream;
He rose, he scream’d, no human ear
Heard William’s drowning scream.
A Ballad, Shewing how an old Woman rode Double, and who rode before her.

heavy black
illustration (woodcut) of the title ­ worth seeing!
A.D. 852. Circa dies istos, mulier quædam malefica, in villâ quæ Berkeleia dicitur degens, gulæ amatrix ac petulantiæ, flagitiis modum usque in senium et auguriis non ponens, usque ad mortem impudica permansit. Hæc die quadam cum sederet ad prandium, cornicula quam pro delitiis pascebat, nescio quid garrire coepit; quo audito, mulieris cultellus de manu excidit, simul et facies pallescere coepit, et emisso rugitu, hodie, inquit, accipiam grande incommodum, hodieque ad sulcum ultimum meum pervenit aratrum. quo dicto, nuncius doloris intravit; muliere vero percunctatâ ad quid veniret, affero, inquit, tibi filii tui obitum & totius familiæ ejus ex subitâ ruinâ interitum. Hoc quoque dolore mulier permota, lecto protinus decubuit graviter infirmata; sentiensque morbum subrepere ad vitalia, liberos quos habuit superstites, monachum videlicet et monacham, per epistolam invitavit; advenientes autem voce singultiente alloquitur. Ego, inquit, o pueri, meo miserabili fato dæmoniacis semper artibus inservivi; ego omnium vitiorum sentina, ego illecebrarum omnium fui magistra. Erat tamen mihi inter hæc mala, spes vestræ religionis, quæ meam solidaret animam desperatam; vos expctabam propugnatores contra dæmones, tutores contra sævissimos hostes. Nunc igitur quoniam ad finem vitæ perveni, rogo vos per materna ubera, ut mea tentatis alleviare tormenta. Insuite me defunctam in corio cervino, ac deinde in sarcophago lapideo supponite, operculumque ferro et plumbo constringite, ac demum lapidem tribus cathenis ferreis et fortissimis circundantes, clericos quinquaginta psalmorum cantores, et tot per tres dies presbyteros missarum celebratores applicate, qui feroces lenigent adversariorum incursus. Ita si tribus noctibus secura jacuero, quartâ die me infodite humo. Factumque est ut præceperat illis. Sed, proh dolor! nil preces, nil lacrymæ, nil demum valuere catenæ. Primis enim duabus noctibus, cum chori psallentium corpori assistabant, advenientes Dæmones ostium ecclesiæ confregerunt ingenti obice clausum, extremasque cathenas negotio levi dirumpunt: media autem quæ fortior erat, illibata manebat. Tertiâ autem nocte, circa gallicinium, strepitu hostium adventantium, omne monasterium visum est a fundamento moveri. Unus ergo dæmonum, et vultu cæteris terribilior & staturâ eminentior, januas Ecclesiæ; impetu violento concussas in fragmenta dejecit. Divexerunt clerici cum laicis, metu stelerunt omnium capilli, et psalmorum concentus defecit. Dæmon ergo gestu ut videbatur arroganti ad sepulchrum accedens, & nomen mulieris modicum ingeminans, surgere imperavit. Quâ respondente, quod nequiret pro vinculis, jam malo tuo, inquit, solveris; et protinus cathenam quæ cæterorum ferociam dæmonum deluserat, velut stuppeum vinculum rumpebat. Operculum etiam sepulchri pede depellens, mulierem palam omnibus ab ecclesiâ extraxit, ubi præ foribus niger equus superbe hinniens videbatur, uncis ferreis et clavis undique confixus, super quem misera mulier projecta, ab oculis assistentium evanuit. Audiebantur tamen clamores per quatuor fere miliaria horribiles, auxilium postulantes.

Ista itaque quæ retuli incredibilia non erunt, si legatur beati Gregorii dialogus, in quo refert, hominem in ecclesiâ sepultam, a dæmonibus foras ejectum. Et apud Francos Carolus Martellus insignis vir fortudinis, qui Saracenos Galliam ingressos, Hispaniam redire compulit, exactis vitæ suæ diebus, in Ecclesiâ beati Dionysii legitur fuisse sepultus. Sed quia patrimonia, cum decimis omnium fere ecclesiarum Galliæ, pro stipendio commilitonum suorum mutilaverat, miserabiliter a malignis spiritibus de sepulchro corporaliter avulsus, usque in hodiernum diem nusquam comparuit.

Matthew of Westminster.
This story is also related by Olaus Magnus, and in the Nuremberg Chronicle, from which the wooden cut is taken. 





A Ballad, Shewing how an old Woman rode Double, and who rode before her.
The Raven croak’d as she sate at her meal,
And the Old Woman knew what he said,
And she grew pale at the Raven’s tale,
And sicken’d and went to her bed.

Now fetch me my children, and fetch them with speed,
The Old Woman of Berkeley said,
The monk my son, and my daughter the nun
Bid them hasten or I shall be dead.

The monk her son, and her daughter the nun,
Their way to Berkeley went,
And they have brought with pious thought
The holy sacrament.

The old Woman shriek’d as they entered her door,
’Twas fearful her shrieks to hear,
Now take the sacrament away
For mercy, my children dear!

Her lip it trembled with agony,
The sweat ran down her brow,
I have tortures in store for evermore,
Oh! spare me my children now!

Away they sent the sacrament,
The fit it left her weak,
She look’d at her children with ghastly eyes
And faintly struggled to speak.

All kind of sin I have rioted in
And the judgment now must be,
But I secured my childrens souls,
Oh! pray my children for me.

I have suck’d the breath of sleeping babes,
The fiends have been my slaves,
I have nointed myself with infants fat,
And feasted on rifled graves.

And the fiend will fetch me now in fire
My witchcrafts to atone,
And I who have rifled the dead man’s grave
Shall never have rest in my own.

Bless I intreat my winding sheet
My children I beg of you!
And with holy water sprinkle my shroud
And sprinkle my coffin too.

And let me be chain’d in my coffin of stone
And fasten it strong I implore
With iron bars, and let it be chain’d
With three chains to the church floor.

And bless the chains and sprinkle them,
And let fifty priests stand round,
Who night and day the mass may say
Where I lie on the ground.

And let fifty choristers be there
The funeral dirge to sing,
Who day and night by the taper’s light
Their aid to me may bring.

Let the church bells all both great and small
Be toll’d by night and day,
To drive from thence the fiends who come
To bear my corpse away.

And ever have the church door barr’d
After the even song,
And I beseech you children dear
Let the bars and bolts be strong.

And let this be three days and nights
My wretched corpse to save,
Preserve me so long from the fiendish throng
And then I may rest in my grave.

The Old Woman of Berkeley laid her down
And her eyes grew deadly dim,
Short came her breath and the struggle of death
Did loosen every limb.

They blest the old woman’s winding sheet
With rites and prayers as due,
With holy water they sprinkled her shroud
And they sprinkled her coffin too.

And they chain’d her in her coffin of stone
And with iron barr’d it down,
And in the church with three strong chains
They chain’d it to the ground.

And they blest the chains and sprinkled them,
And fifty priests stood round,
By night and day the mass to say
Where she lay on the ground.

And fifty choristers were there
To sing the funeral song,
And a hallowed taper blazed in the hand
Of all the sacred throng.

To see the priests and choristers
It was a goodly sight,
Each holding, as it were a staff,
A taper burning bright.

And the church bells all both great and small
Did toll so loud and long,
And they have barr’d the church door hard
After the even song.

And the first night the taper’s light
Burnt steadily and clear.
But they without a hideous rout
Of angry fiends could hear;

A hideous roar at the church door
Like a long thunder peal,
And the priests they pray’d and the choristers sung
Louder in fearful zeal.

Loud toll’d the bell, the priests pray’d well,
The tapers they burnt bright,
The monk her son, and her daughter the nun
They told their beads all night.

The cock he crew, away they flew
The fiends from the herald of day,
And undisturb’d the choristers sing
And the fifty priests they pray.

The second night the taper’s light
Burnt dismally and blue,
And every one saw his neighbour’s face
Like a dead man’s face to view.

And yells and cries without arise
That the stoutest heart might shock,
And a deafening roaring like a cataract pouring
Over a mountain rock.

The monk and nun they told their beads
As fast as they could tell,
And aye as louder grew the noise
The faster went the bell.

Louder and louder the choristers sung
As they trembled more and more,
And the fifty priests prayed to heaven for aid,
They never had prayed so before.

The cock he crew, away they flew
The fiends from the herald of day,
And undisturb’d the choristers sing
And the fifty priests they pray.

The third night came and the tapers flame
A hideous stench did make,
And they burnt as though they had been dipt
In the burning brimstone lake.

And the loud commotion, like the rushing of ocean,
Grew momently more and more,
And strokes as of a battering ram
Did shake the strong church door.

The bellmen they for very fear
Could toll the bell no longer,
And still as louder grew the strokes
Their fear it grew the stronger.

The monk and nun forgot their beads,
They fell on the ground dismay’d,
There was not a single saint in heaven
Whom they did not call to aid.

And the choristers song that late was so strong
Grew a quaver of consternation,
For the church did rock as an earthquake shock
Uplifted its foundation.

And a sound was heard like the trumpet’s blast
That shall one day wake the dead,
The strong church door could bear no more
And the bolts and the bars they fled.

And the taper’s light was extinguish’d quite,
And the choristers faintly sung,
And the priests dismay’d, panted and prayed
Till fear froze every tongue.

And in He came with eyes of flame
The Fiend to fetch the dead,
And all the church with his presence glowed
Like a fiery furnace red.

He laid his hand on the iron chains
And like flax they moulder’d asunder,
And the coffin lid that was barr’d so firm
He burst with his voice of thunder.

And he bade the Old Woman of Berkeley rise
And come with her master away,
And the cold sweat stood on the cold cold corpse,
At the voice she was forced to obey.

She rose on her feet in her winding sheet,
Her dead flesh quivered with fear,
And a groan like that which the Old Woman gave
Never did mortal hear.

She followed the fiend to the church door,
There stood a black horse there,
His breath was red like furnace smoke,
His eyes like a meteor’s glare.

The fiendish force flung her on the horse
And he leapt up before,
And away like the lightning’s speed they went
And she was seen no more.

They saw her no more, but her cries and shrieks
For four miles round they could hear,
And children at rest at their mother’s breast,
Started and screamed with fear.
The Surgeon’s Warning

The subject of this parody was given me by a friend, to whom also I am indebted for some of the stanzas.

Respecting the patent coffins herein mentioned, after the manner of Catholic Poets, who confess the actions they attribute to their Saints and Deity to be but fiction, I hereby declare that it is by no means my design to depreciate that useful invention; and all persons to whom this Ballad shall come are requested to take notice, that nothing here asserted concerning the aforesaid Coffins is true, except that the maker and patentee lives by St. Martin’s Lane.
The Doctor whispered to the Nurse
And the Surgeon knew what he said,
And he grew pale at the Doctor’s tale
And trembled in his sick bed.

Now fetch me my brethren and fetch them with speed
The Surgeon affrighted said,
The Parson and the Undertaker,
Let them hasten or I shall be dead.

The Parson and the Undertaker
They hastily came complying,
And the Surgeon’s Prentices ran up stairs
When they heard that their master was dying.

The Prentices all they entered the room
By one, by two, by three,
With a sly grin came Joseph in,
First of the company.

The Surgeon swore as they enter’d his door,
’Twas fearful his oaths to hear,--
Now send these scoundrels to the Devil,
For God’s sake my brethren dear.

He foam’d at the mouth with the rage he felt
And he wrinkled his black eye-brow,
That rascal Joe would be at me I know,
But zounds let him spare me now.

Then out they sent the Prentices,
The fit it left him weak,
He look’d at his brothers with ghastly eyes,
And faintly struggled to speak.

All kinds of carcasses I have cut up,
And the judgment now must be--
But brothers I took care of you,
So pray take care of me!

I have made candles of infants fat
The Sextons have been my slaves,
I have bottled babes unborn, and dried
Hearts and livers from rifled graves.

And my Prentices now will surely come
And carve me bone from bone,
And I who have rifled the dead man’s grave
Shall never have rest in my own.

Bury me in lead when I am dead,
My brethren I intreat,
And see the coffin weigh’d I beg
Lest the Plumber should be a cheat.

And let it be solder’d closely down
Strong as strong can be I implore,
And put it in a patent coffin,
That I may rise no more.

If they carry me off in the patent coffin
Their labour will be in vain,
Let the Undertaker see it bought of the maker
Who lives by St. Martin’s lane.

And bury me in my brother’s church
For that will safer be,
And I implore lock the church door
And pray take care of the key.

And all night long let three stout men
The vestry watch within,
To each man give a gallon of beer
And a keg of Holland’s gin;

Powder and ball and blunder-buss
To save me if he can,
And eke five guineas if he shoot
A resurrection man.

And let them watch me for three weeks
My wretched corpse to save,
For then I think that I may stink
Enough to rest in my grave.

The Surgeon laid him down in his bed,
His eyes grew deadly dim,
Short came his breath and the struggle of death
Distorted every limb.

They put him in lead when he was dead
And shrouded up so neat,
And they the leaden coffin weigh
Lest the Plumber should be a cheat.

They had it solder’d closely down
And examined it o’er and o’er,
And they put it in a patent coffin
That he might rise no more.

For to carry him off in a patent coffin
Would they thought be but labour in vain,
So the Undertaker saw it bought of the maker
Who lives by St. Martin’s lane.

In his brother’s church they buried him
That safer he might be,
They lock’d the door and would not trust
The Sexton with the key.

And three men in the vestry watch
To save him if they can,
And should he come there to shoot they swear
A resurrection man.

And the first night by lanthorn light
Thro’ the church-yard as they went,
A guinea of gold the sexton shewed
That Mister Joseph sent.

But conscience was tough, it was not enough
And their honesty never swerved,
And they bade him go with Mister Joe
To the Devil as he deserved.

So all night long by the vestry fire
They quaff’d their gin and ale,
And they did drink as you may think
And told full many a tale.

The second night by lanthorn light
Thro’ the church-yard as they went,
He whisper’d anew and shew’d them two
That Mister Joseph sent.

The guineas were bright and attracted their sight
They look’d so heavy and new,
And their fingers itch’d as they were bewitch’d
And they knew not what to do.

But they waver’d not long for conscience was strong
And they thought they might get more,
And they refused the gold, but not
So rudely as before.

So all night long by the vestry fire
They quaff’d their gin and ale,
And they did drink as you may think
And told full many a tale.

The third night as by lanthorn light
Thro’ the church-yard they went,
He bade them see and shew’d them three
That Mister Joseph sent.

They look’d askance with eager glance,
The guineas they shone bright,
For the Sexton on the yellow gold
Let fall his lanthorn light.

And he look’d sly with his roguish eye
And gave a well-tim’d wink,
And they could not stand the sound in his hand
For he made the guineas chink.

And conscience late that had such weight,
All in a moment fails,
For well they knew that it was true
A dead man told no tales,

And they gave all their powder and ball
And took the gold so bright,
And they drank their beer and made good cheer,
Till now it was midnight.

Then, tho’ the key of the church door
Was left with the Parson his brother,
It opened at the Sexton’s touch--
Because he had another.

And in they go with that villain Joe
To fetch the body by night,
And all the church look’d dismally
By his dark lanthorn light.

They laid the pick-axe to the stones
And they moved them soon asunder.
They shovell’d away the hard-prest clay
And came to the coffin under.

They burst the patent coffin first
And they cut thro’ the lead,
And they laugh’d aloud when they saw the shroud
Because they had got at the dead.

And they allowed the Sexton the shroud
And they put the coffin back,
And nose and knees they then did squeeze
The Surgeon in a sack.

The watchmen as they past along
Full four yards off could smell,
And a curse bestowed upon the load
So disagreeable.

So they carried the sack a-pick-a-back
And they carv’d him bone from bone,
But what became of the Surgeon’s soul
Was never to mortal known.
The Victory

Hark--how the church-bells thundering harmony
Stuns the glad ear! tidings of joy have come,
Good tidings of great joy! two gallant ships
Met on the element,--they met, they fought
A desperate fight!--good tidings of great joy!
Old England triumphed! yet another day
Of glory for the ruler of the waves!
For those who fell, ’twas in their country’s cause,
They have their passing paragraphs of praise
And are forgotten.
There was one who died
In that day’s glory, whose obscurer name
No proud historian’s page will chronicle.
Peace to his honest soul! I read his name,
’Twas in the list of slaughter, and blest God
The sound was not familiar to mine ear.
But it was told me after that this man
Was one whom lawful violence1 had forced
From his own home and wife and little ones,
Who by his labour lived; that he was one
Whose uncorrupted heart could keenly feel
A husband’s love, a father’s anxiousness,
That from the wages of his toil he fed
The distant dear ones, and would talk of them
At midnight when he trod the silent deck
With him he valued, talk of them, of joys
That he had known--oh God! and of the hour
When they should meet again, till his full heart
His manly heart at last would overflow
Even like a child’s with very tenderness.
Peace to his honest spirit! suddenly
It came, and merciful the ball of death,
For it came suddenly and shattered him,
And left no moment’s agonizing thought
On those he loved so well.
He ocean deep
Now lies at rest. Be Thou her comforter
Who art the widow’s friend! Man does not know
What a cold sickness made her blood run back
When first she heard the tidings of the fight;
Man does not know with what a dreadful hope
She listened to the names of those who died,
Man does not know, or knowing will not heed,
With what an agony of tenderness
She gazed upon her children, and beheld
His image who was gone. Oh God! be thou
Her comforter who art the widow’s friend!
Footnote 1: The person alluded to was pressed into the service
return to footnote mark

Henry the Hermit

It was a little island where he dwelt,
Or rather a lone rock, barren and bleak,
Short scanty herbage spotting with dark spots
Its gray stone surface. Never mariner
Approach’d that rude and uninviting coast,
Nor ever fisherman his lonely bark
Anchored beside its shore. It was a place
Befitting well a rigid anchoret,
Dead to the hopes, and vanities, and joys
And purposes of life; and he had dwelt
Many long years upon that lonely isle,
For in ripe manhood he abandoned arms,
Honours and friends and country and the world,
And had grown old in solitude. That isle
Some solitary man in other times
Had made his dwelling-place; and Henry found
The little chapel that his toil had built
Now by the storms unroofed, his bed of leaves
Wind-scattered, and his grave o’ergrown with grass,
And thistles, whose white seeds winged in vain
Withered on rocks, or in the waves were lost.
So he repaired the chapel’s ruined roof,
Clear’d the grey lichens from the altar-stone,
And underneath a rock that shelter’d him
From the sea blasts, he built his hermitage.

The peasants from the shore would bring him food
And beg his prayers; but human converse else
He knew not in that utter solitude,
Nor ever visited the haunts of men
Save when some sinful wretch on a sick bed
Implored his blessing and his aid in death.
That summons he delayed not to obey,
Tho’ the night tempest or autumnal wind.
Maddened the waves, and tho’ the mariner,
Albeit relying on his saintly load,
Grew pale to see the peril. So he lived
A most austere and self-denying man,
Till abstinence, and age, and watchfulness
Exhausted him, and it was pain at last
To rise at midnight from his bed of leaves
And bend his knees in prayer. Yet not the less
Tho’ with reluctance of infirmity,
He rose at midnight from his bed of leaves
And bent his knees in prayer; but with more zeal
More self-condemning fervour rais’d his voice
For pardon for that sin, till that the sin
Repented was a joy like a good deed.

One night upon the shore his chapel bell
Was heard; the air was calm, and its far sounds
Over the water came distinct and loud.
Alarmed at that unusual hour to hear
Its toll irregular, a monk arose.
The boatmen bore him willingly across
For well the hermit Henry was beloved.
He hastened to the chapel, on a stone
Henry was sitting there, cold, stiff and dead,
The bell-rope in his band, and at his feet
The lamp1 that stream’d a long unsteady light
Footnote 1: This story is related in the English Martyrology, 1608.
English Eclogues

The following Eclogues I believe, bear no resemblance to any poems in our language. This species of composition has become popular in Germany, and I was induced to attempt by an account of the German Idylls given me in conversation. They cannot properly be stiled imitations, as I am ignorant of that language at present, and have never seen any translations or specimens in this kind.

With bad Eclogues I am sufficiently acquainted, from ??tyrus1 and Corydon down to our English Strephons and Thirsises. No kind of poetry can boast of more illustrious names or is more distinguished by the servile dulness of imitated nonsense. Pastoral writers “more silly than their sheep” have like their sheep gone on in the same track one after another. Gay stumbled into a new path. His eclogues were the only ones that interested me when I was a boy, and did not know they were burlesque. The subject would furnish matter for a long essay, but this is not the place for it.

How far poems requiring almost a colloquial plainness of language may accord with the public taste I am doubtful. They have been subjected to able criticism and revised with care. I have endeavoured to make them true to nature.


Footnote 1: The letters of this name are illegible (worn away?) in the original text; from the remaining bits I have guessed all but the first two, which are not visible under any magnification. html Ed.
return to footnote mark 
Eclogue I ­ The Old Mansion House

Stranger.
Old friend! why you seem bent on parish duty,
Breaking the highway stones,--and ’tis a task
Somewhat too hard methinks for age like yours.

Old Man.
Why yes! for one with such a weight of years
Upon his back. I’ve lived here, man and boy,
In this same parish, near the age of man
For I am hard upon threescore and ten.
I can remember sixty years ago
The beautifying of this mansion here
When my late Lady’s father, the old Squire
Came to the estate.

Stranger.
Why then you have outlasted
All his improvements, for you see they’re making
Great alterations here.

Old Man.
Aye-great indeed!
And if my poor old Lady could rise up--
God rest her soul! ’twould grieve her to behold
The wicked work is here.

Stranger.
They’ve set about it
In right good earnest. All the front is gone,
Here’s to be turf they tell me, and a road
Round to the door. There were some yew trees too
Stood in the court.

Old Man.
Aye Master! fine old trees!
My grandfather could just remember back
When they were planted there. It was my task
To keep them trimm’d, and ’twas a pleasure to me!
All strait and smooth, and like a great green wall!
My poor old Lady many a time would come
And tell me where to shear, for she had played
In childhood under them, and ’twas her pride
To keep them in their beauty. Plague I say
On their new-fangled whimsies! we shall have
A modern shrubbery here stuck full of firs
And your pert poplar trees;--I could as soon
Have plough’d my father’s grave as cut them down!

Stranger.
But ’twill be lighter and more chearful now,
A fine smooth turf, and with a gravel road
Round for the carriage,--now it suits my taste.
I like a shrubbery too, it looks so fresh,
And then there’s some variety about it.
In spring the lilac and the gueldres rose,
And the laburnum with its golden flowers
Waving in the wind. And when the autumn comes
The bright red berries of the mountain ash,
With firs enough in winter to look green,
And show that something lives. Sure this is better
Than a great hedge of yew that makes it look
All the year round like winter, and for ever
Dropping its poisonous leaves from the under boughs
So dry and bare!

Old Man.
Ah! so the new Squire thinks
And pretty work he makes of it! what ’tis
To have a stranger come to an old house!

Stranger.
It seems you know him not?

Old Man.
No Sir, not I.
They tell me he’s expected daily now,
But in my Lady’s time he never came
But once, for they were very distant kin.
If he had played about here when a child
In that fore court, and eat the yew-berries,
And sat in the porch threading the jessamine flowers,
That fell so thick, he had not had the heart
To mar all thus.

Stranger.
Come--come! all a not wrong.
Those old dark windows--

Old Man.
They’re demolish’d too--
As if he could not see thro’ casement glass!
The very red-breasts that so regular
Came to my Lady for her morning crumbs,
Won’t know the window now!

Stranger.
Nay they were high
And then so darken’d up with jessamine,
Harbouring the vermine;--that was a fine tree
However. Did it not grow in and line
The porch?

Old Man.
All over it: it did one good
To pass within ten yards when ’twas in blossom.
There was a sweet-briar too that grew beside.
My Lady loved at evening to sit there
And knit; and her old dog lay at her feet
And slept in the sun; ’twas an old favourite dog
She did not love him less that he was old
And feeble, and he always had a place
By the fire-side, and when he died at last
She made me dig a grave in the garden for him.
Ah I she was good to all! a woful day
’Twas for the poor when to her grave she went!

Stranger.
They lost a friend then?

Old Man.
You’re a stranger here
Or would not ask that question. Were they sick?
She had rare cordial waters, and for herbs
She could have taught the Doctors. Then at winter
When weekly she distributed the bread
In the poor old porch, to see her and to hear
The blessings on her! and I warrant them
They were a blessing to her when her wealth
Had been no comfort else. At Christmas, Sir!
It would have warm’d your heart if you had seen
Her Christmas kitchen,--how the blazing fire
Made her fine pewter shine, and holly boughs
So chearful red,--and as for misseltoe,
The finest bough that grew in the country round
Was mark’d for Madam. Then her old ale went
So bountiful about! a Christmas cask,
And ’twas a noble one! God help me Sir!
But I shall never see such days again.

Stranger.
Things may be better yet than you suppose
And you should hope the best.

Old Man.
It don’t look well
These alterations Sir! I’m an old man
And love the good old fashions; we don’t find
Old bounty in new houses. They’ve destroyed
All that my Lady loved; her favourite walk
Grubb’d up, and they do say that the great row
Of elms behind the house, that meet a-top
They must fall too. Well! well! I did not think
To live to see all this, and ’tis perhaps
A comfort I shan’t live to see it long.

Stranger.
But sure all changes are not needs for the worse
My friend.

Old Man.
May-hap they mayn’t Sir;--for all that
I like what I’ve been us’d to. I remember
All this from a child up, and now to lose it,
’Tis losing an old friend. There’s nothing left
As ’twas;--I go abroad and only meet
With men whose fathers I remember boys;
The brook that used to run before my door
That’s gone to the great pond; the trees I learnt
To climb are down; and I see nothing now
That tells me of old times, except the stones
In the church-yard. You are young Sir and I hope
Have many years in store,--but pray to God
You mayn’t be left the last of all your friends.

Stranger.
Well! well! you’ve one friend more than you’re aware of.
If the Squire’s taste don’t suit with your’s, I warrant
That’s all you’ll quarrel with: walk in and taste
His beer, old friend! and see if your old Lady
E’er broached a better cask. You did not know me,
But we’re acquainted now. ’Twould not be easy
To make you like the outside; but within--
That is not changed my friend! you’ll always find
The same old bounty and old welcome there.
Eclogue II ­The Grandmother’s Tale

Jane.
Harry! I’m tired of playing. We’ll draw round
The fire, and Grandmamma perhaps will tell us
One of her stories.

Harry.
Aye--dear Grandmamma!
A pretty story! something dismal now;
A bloody murder.

Jane.
Or about a ghost.

Grandmother.
Nay, nay, I should but frighten you. You know
The other night when I was telling you
About the light in the church-yard, how you trembled
Because the screech-owl hooted at the window,
And would not go to bed.

Jane.
Why Grandmamma
You said yourself you did not like to hear him.
Pray now! we wo’nt be frightened.


Grandmother.
Well, well, children!
But you’ve heard all my stories. Let me see,--
Did I never tell you how the smuggler murdered
The woman down at Pill?


Harry.
No--never! never!


Grandmother.
Not how he cut her head off in the stable?


Harry.
Oh--now! do tell us that!

Grandmother.
You must have heard
Your Mother, children! often tell of her.
She used to weed in the garden here, and worm
Your uncle’s dogs1, and serve the house with coal;
And glad enough she was in winter time
To drive her asses here! it was cold work
To follow the slow beasts thro’ sleet and snow,
And here she found a comfortable meal
And a brave fire to thaw her, for poor Moll
Was always welcome.


Harry.
Oh--’twas blear-eyed Moll
The collier woman,--a great ugly woman,
I’ve heard of her.

Grandmother.
Ugly enough poor soul!
At ten yards distance you could hardly tell
If it were man or woman, for her voice
Was rough as our old mastiff’s, and she wore
A man’s old coat and hat,--and then her face!
There was a merry story told of her,
How when the press-gang came to take her husband
As they were both in bed, she heard them coming,
Drest John up in her night-cap, and herself
Put on his clothes and went before the Captain.


Jane.
And so they prest a woman!


Grandmother.
’Twas a trick
She dearly loved to tell, and all the country
Soon knew the jest, for she was used to travel
For miles around. All weathers and all hours
She crossed the hill, as hardy as her beasts,
Bearing the wind and rain and winter frosts,
And if she did not reach her home at night
She laid her down in the stable with her asses
And slept as sound as they did.


Harry.
With her asses!


Grandmother.
Yes, and she loved her beasts. For tho’ poor wretch
She was a terrible reprobate and swore
Like any trooper, she was always good
To the dumb creatures, never loaded them
Beyond their strength, and rather I believe
Would stint herself than let the poor beasts want,
Because, she said, they could not ask for food.
I never saw her stick fall heavier on them
Than just with its own weight. She little thought
This tender-heartedness would be her death!
There was a fellow who had oftentimes,
As if he took delight in cruelty.
Ill-used her Asses. He was one who lived
By smuggling, and, for she had often met him
Crossing the down at night, she threatened him,
If he tormented them again, to inform
Of his unlawful ways. Well--so it was--
’Twas what they both were born to, he provoked her,
She laid an information, and one morn
They found her in the stable, her throat cut
From ear to ear, till the head only hung
Just by a bit of skin.

Jane.
Oh dear! oh dear!

Harry.
I hope they hung the man!

Grandmother.
They took him up;
There was no proof, no one had seen the deed,
And he was set at liberty. But God
Whoss eye beholdeth all things, he had seen
The murder, and the murderer knew that God
Was witness to his crime. He fled the place,
But nowhere could he fly the avenging hand
Of heaven, but nowhere could the murderer rest,
A guilty conscience haunted him, by day,
By night, in company, in solitude,
Restless and wretched, did he bear upon him
The weight of blood; her cries were in his ears,
Her stifled groans as when he knelt upon her
Always he heard; always he saw her stand
Before his eyes; even in the dead of night
Distinctly seen as tho’ in the broad sun,
She stood beside the murderer’s bed and yawn’d
Her ghastly wound; till life itself became
A punishment at last he could not bear,
And he confess’d2 it all, and gave himself
To death, so terrible, he said, it was
To have a guilty conscience!

Harry.
Was he hung then?

Grandmother.
Hung and anatomized. Poor wretched man,
Your uncles went to see him on his trial,
He was so pale, so thin, so hollow-eyed,
And such a horror in his meagre face,
They said he look’d like one who never slept.
He begg’d the prayers of all who saw his end
And met his death with fears that well might warn
From guilt, tho’ not without a hope in Christ.
Footnote 1: I know not whether this cruel and stupid custom is common in other parts of England. It is supposed to prevent the dogs from doing any mischief should they afterwards become mad.
return to footnote mark

Footnote 2: There must be many persons living who remember these circumstances. They happened two or three and twenty years ago, in the neighbourhood of Bristol. The woman’s name was Bees. The stratagem by which she preserved her husband from the press-gang, is also true.
return

Eclogue III ­ The Funeral

The coffin1 as I past across the lane
Came sudden on my view. It was not here,
A sight of every day, as in the streets
Of the great city, and we paus’d and ask’d
Who to the grave was going. It was one,
A village girl, they told us, who had borne
An eighteen months strange illness, and had pined
With such slow wasting that the hour of death
Came welcome to her. We pursued our way
To the house of mirth, and with that idle talk
That passes o’er the mind and is forgot,
We wore away the time. But it was eve
When homewardly I went, and in the air
Was that cool freshness, that discolouring shade
That makes the eye turn inward. Then I heard
Over the vale the heavy toll of death
Sound slow; it made me think upon the dead,
I questioned more and learnt her sorrowful tale.
She bore unhusbanded a mother’s name,
And he who should have cherished her, far off
Sail’d on the seas, self-exil’d from his home,
For he was poor. Left thus, a wretched one,
Scorn made a mock of her, and evil tongues
Were busy with her name. She had one ill
Heavier, neglect, forgetfulness from him
Whom she had loved so dearly. Once he wrote,
But only once that drop of comfort came
To mingle with her cup of wretchedness;
And when his parents had some tidings from him,
There was no mention of poor Hannah there,
Or ’twas the cold enquiry, bitterer
Than silence. So she pined and pined away
And for herself and baby toil’d and toil’d,
Nor did she, even on her death bed, rest
From labour, knitting with her outstretch’d arms
Till she sunk with very weakness. Her old mother
Omitted no kind office, and she work’d
Hard, and with hardest working barely earn’d
Enough to make life struggle and prolong
The pains of grief and sickness. Thus she lay
On the sick bed of poverty, so worn
With her long suffering and that painful thought
That at her heart lay rankling, and so weak,
That she could make no effort to express
Affection for her infant; and the child,
Whose lisping love perhaps had solaced her
With a strange infantine ingratitude
Shunn’d her as one indifferent. She was past
That anguish, for she felt her hour draw on,
And ’twas her only comfoft now to think
Upon the grave. “Poor girl!” her mother said,
“Thou hast suffered much!” “aye mother! there is none
“Can tell what I have suffered!” she replied,
“But I shall soon be where the weary rest.”
And she did rest her soon, for it pleased God
To take her to his mercy.
Footnote 1: It is proper to remark that the story related in this Eclogue is strictly true. I met the funeral, and learnt the circumstances in a village in Hampshire. The indifference of the child was mentioned to me; indeed no addition whatever has been made to the story. I should have thought it wrong to have weakened the effect of a faithful narrative by adding any thing.
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Eclogue IV ­ The Sailor’s Mother

Woman.
Sir for the love of God some small relief
To a poor woman!

Traveller.
Whither are you bound?
’Tis a late hour to travel o’er these downs,
No house for miles around us, and the way
Dreary and wild. The evening wind already
Makes one’s teeth chatter, and the very Sun,
Setting so pale behind those thin white clouds,
Looks cold. ’Twill be a bitter night!

Woman.
Aye Sir
’Tis cutting keen! I smart at every breath,
Heaven knows how I shall reach my journey’s end,
For the way is long before me, and my feet,
God help me! sore with travelling. I would gladly,
If it pleased God, lie down at once and die.

Traveller.
Nay nay cheer up! a little food and rest
Will comfort you; and then your journey’s end
Will make amends for all. You shake your head,
And weep. Is it some evil business then
That leads you from your home?

Woman.
Sir I am going
To see my son at Plymouth, sadly hurt
In the late action, and in the hospital
Dying, I fear me, now.

Traveller.
Perhaps your fears
Make evil worse. Even if a limb be lost
There may be still enough for comfort left
An arm or leg shot off, there’s yet the heart
To keep life warm, and he may live to talk
With pleasure of the glorious fight that maim’d him,
Proud of his loss. Old England’s gratitude
Makes the maim’d sailor happy.

Woman.
’Tis not that--
An arm or leg--I could have borne with that.
’Twas not a ball, it was some cursed thing
That bursts1 and burns that hurt him. Something Sir
They do not use on board our English ships
It is so wicked!

Traveller.
Rascals! a mean art
Of cruel cowardice, yet all in vain!

Woman.
Yes Sir! and they should show no mercy to them
For making use of such unchristian arms.
I had a letter from the hospital,
He got some friend to write it, and he tells me
That my poor boy has lost his precious eyes,
Burnt out. Alas! that I should ever live
To see this wretched day!--they tell me Sir
There is no cure for wounds like his. Indeed
’Tis a hard journey that I go upon
To such a dismal end!

Traveller.
He yet may live.
But if the worst should chance, why you must bear
The will of heaven with patience. Were it not
Some comfort to reflect your son has fallen
Fighting his country’s cause? and for yourself
You will not in unpitied poverty
Be left to mourn his loss. Your grateful country
Amid the triumph of her victory
Remember those who paid its price of blood,
And with a noble charity relieves
The widow and the orphan.

Woman.
God reward them!
God bless them, it will help me in my age
But Sir! it will not pay me for my child!

Traveller.
Was he your only child?

Woman.
My only one,
The stay and comfort of my widowhood,
A dear good boy!--when first he went to sea
I felt what it would come to,--something told me
I should be childless soon. But tell me Sir
If it be true that for a hurt like his
There is no cure? please God to spare his life
Tho’ he be blind, yet I should be so thankful!
I can remember there was a blind man
Lived in our village, one from his youth up
Quite dark, and yet he was a merry man,
And he had none to tend on him so well
As I would tend my boy!

Traveller.
Of this be sure
His hurts are look’d to well, and the best help
The place affords, as rightly is his due,
Ever at hand. How happened it he left you?
Was a seafaring life his early choice?

Woman.
No Sir! poor fellow--he was wise enough
To be content at home, and ’twas a home
As comfortable Sir I even tho’ I say it,
As any in the country. He was left
A little boy when his poor father died,
Just old enough to totter by himself
And call his mother’s name. We two were all,
And as we were not left quite destitute
We bore up well. In the summer time I worked
Sometimes a-field. Then I was famed for knitting,
And in long winter nights my spinning wheel
Seldom stood still. We had kind neighbours too
And never felt distress. So he grew up
A comely lad and wonderous well disposed;
I taught him well; there was not in the parish
A child who said his prayers more regular,
Or answered readier thro’ his catechism.
If I had foreseen this! but ’tis a blessing
We do’nt know what we’re born to!

Traveller.
But how came it
He chose to be a Sailor?

Woman.
You shall hear Sir;
As he grew up he used to watch the birds
In the corn, child’s work you know, and easily done.
’Tis an idle sort of task, so he built up
A little hut of wicker-work and clay
Under the hedge, to shelter him in rain.
And then he took for very idleness
To making traps to catch the plunderers,
All sorts of cunning traps that boys can make--
Propping a stone to fall and shut them in,
Or crush them with its weight, or else a springe
Swung on a bough. He made them cleverly--
And I, poor foolish woman! I was pleased
To see the boy so handy. You may guess
What followed Sir from this unlucky skill.
He did what he should not when he was older:
I warn’d him oft enough; but he was caught
In wiring hares at last, and had his choice
The prison or the ship.

Traveller.
The choice at least
Was kindly left him, and for broken laws
This was methinks no heavy punishment.

Woman.
So I was told Sir. And I tried to think so,
But ’twas a sad blow to me! I was used
To sleep at nights soundly and undisturb’d--
Now if the wind blew rough, it made me start
And think of my poor boy tossing about
Upon the roaring seas. And then I seem’d
To feel that it was hard to take him from me
For such a little fault. But he was wrong
Oh very wrong--a murrain on his traps!
See what they’ve brought him too!

Traveller.
Well! well! take comfort
He will be taken care of if he lives;
And should you lose your child, this is a country
Where the brave sailor never leaves a parent
To weep for him in want.

Woman.
Sir I shall want
No succour long. In the common course of years
I soon must be at rest, and ’tis a comfort
When grief is hard upon me to reflect
It only leads me to that rest the sooner.
Footnote 1: The stink-pots used on board the French ships. In the engagement between the Mars and L’Hercule, some of our sailors were shockingly mangled by them: One in particular, as described in the Eclogue, lost both his eyes. It would be policy and humanity to employ means of destruction, could they be discovered, powerful enough to destroy fleets and armies, but to use any thing that only inflicts additional torture upon the victims of our war systems, is cruel and wicked.
return to footnote mark

Eclogue V ­ The Witch


Nathaniel.
Father! here father! I have found a horse-shoe!
Faith it was just in time, for t’other night
I laid two straws across at Margery’s door,
And afterwards I fear’d that she might do me
A mischief for’t. There was the Miller’s boy
Who set his dog at that black cat of hers,
I met him upon crutches, and he told me
’Twas all her evil eye.

Father.
’Tis rare good luck;
I would have gladly given a crown for one
If t’would have done as well. But where did’st find it?

Nathaniel.
Down on the Common; I was going a-field
And neighbour Saunders pass’d me on his mare;
He had hardly said “good day,” before I saw
The shoe drop off; ’twas just upon my tongue
To call him back,--it makes no difference, does it.
Because I know whose ’twas?

Father.
Why no, it can’t.
The shoe’s the same you know, and you did find it.

Nathaniel.
That mare of his has got a plaguey road
To travel, father, and if he should lame her,
For she is but tender-footed,--

Father.
Aye, indeed--
I should not like to see her limping back
Poor beast! but charity begins at home,
And Nat, there’s our own horse in such a way
This morning!

Nathaniel.
Why he ha’nt been rid again!
Last night I hung a pebble by the manger
With a hole thro’, and every body says
That ’tis a special charm against the hags.

Father.
It could not be a proper natural hole then,
Or ’twas not a right pebble,--for I found him
Smoking with sweat, quaking in every limb,
And panting so! God knows where he had been
When we were all asleep, thro’ bush and brake
Up-hill and down-hill all alike, full stretch
At such a deadly rate!--

Nathaniel.
By land and water,
Over the sea perhaps!--I have heard tell
That ’tis some thousand miles, almost at the end
Of the world, where witches go to meet the Devil.
They used to ride on broomsticks, and to smear
Some ointment over them and then away
Out of the window! but ’tis worse than all
To worry the poor beasts so. Shame upon it
That in a Christian country they should let
Such creatures live!

Father.
And when there’s such plain proof!
I did but threaten her because she robb’d
Our hedge, and the next night there came a wind
That made me shake to hear it in my bed!
How came it that that storm unroofed my barn,
And only mine in the parish? look at her
And that’s enough; she has it in her face--
A pair of large dead eyes, rank in her head,
Just like a corpse, and purs’d with wrinkles round,
A nose and chin that scarce leave room between
For her lean fingers to squeeze in the snuff,
And when she speaks! I’d sooner hear a raven
Croak at my door! she sits there, nose and knees
Smoak-dried and shrivell’d over a starved fire,
With that black cat beside her, whose great eyes
Shine like old Beelzebub’s, and to be sure
It must be one of his imps!--aye, nail it hard.

Nathaniel.
I wish old Margery heard the hammer go!
She’d curse the music.

Father.
Here’s the Curate coming,
He ought to rid the parish of such vermin;
In the old times they used to hunt them out
And hang them without mercy, but Lord bless us!
The world is grown so wicked!

Curate.
Good day Farmer!
Nathaniel what art nailing to the threshold?

Nathaniel.
A horse-shoe Sir, ’tis good to keep off witchcraft,
And we’re afraid of Margery.

Curate.
Poor old woman!
What can you fear from her?

Father.
What can we fear?
Who lamed the Miller’s boy? who rais’d the wind
That blew my old barn’s roof down? who d’ye think
Rides my poor horse a’nights? who mocks the hounds?
But let me catch her at that trick again,
And I’ve a silver bullet ready for her,
One that shall lame her, double how she will.

Nathaniel.
What makes her sit there moping by herself,
With no soul near her but that great black cat?
And do but look at her!

Curate.
Poor wretch! half blind
And crooked with her years, without a child
Or friend in her old age, ’tis hard indeed
To have her very miseries made her crimes!
I met her but last week in that hard frost
That made my young limbs ache, and when I ask’d
What brought her out in the snow, the poor old woman
Told me that she was forced to crawl abroad
And pick the hedges, just to keep herself
From perishing with cold, because no neighbour
Had pity on her age; and then she cried,
And said the children pelted her with snow-balls,
And wish’d that she were dead.

Father.
I wish she was!
She has plagued the parish long enough!

Curate.
Shame farmer!
Is that the charity your bible teaches?

Father.
My bible does not teach me to love witches.
I know what’s charity; who pays his tithes
And poor-rates readier?

Curate.
Who can better do it?
You’ve been a prudent and industrious man,
And God has blest your labour.

Father.
Why, thank God Sir,
I’ve had no reason to complain of fortune.

Curate.
Complain! why you are wealthy. All the parish
Look up to you.

Father.
Perhaps Sir, I could tell
Guinea for guinea with the warmest of them.

Curate.
You can afford a little to the poor,
And then what’s better still, you have the heart
To give from your abundance.

Father.
God forbid
I should want charity!

Curate.
Oh! ’tis a comfort
To think at last of riches well employ’d!
I have been by a death-bed, and know the worth
Of a good deed at that most awful hour
When riches profit not.
Farmer, I’m going
To visit Margery. She is sick I hear--
Old, poor, and sick! a miserable lot,
And death will be a blessing. You might send her
Some little matter, something comfortable,
That she may go down easier to the grave
And bless you when she dies.

Father.
What! is she going!
Well God forgive her then! if she has dealt
In the black art. I’ll tell my dame of it,
And she shall send her something.

Curate.
So I’ll say;
And take my thanks for her’s. [goes]

Father.
That’s a good man
That Curate, Nat, of ours, to go and visit
The poor in sickness; but he don’t believe
In witchcraft, and that is not like a christian.

Nathaniel.
And so old Margery’s dying!

Father.
But you know
She may recover; so drive t’other nail in!
Eclogue VI ­ The Ruined Cottage

Aye Charles! I knew that this would fix thine eye,
This woodbine wreathing round the broken porch,
Its leaves just withering, yet one autumn flower
Still fresh and fragrant; and yon holly-hock
That thro’ the creeping weeds and nettles tall
Peers taller, and uplifts its column’d stem
Bright with the broad rose-blossoms. I have seen
Many a fallen convent reverend in decay,
And many a time have trod the castle courts
And grass-green halls, yet never did they strike
Home to the heart such melancholy thoughts
As this poor cottage. Look, its little hatch
Fleeced with that grey and wintry moss; the roof
Part mouldered in, the rest o’ergrown with weeds,
House-leek and long thin grass and greener moss;
So Nature wars with all the works of man.
And, like himself, reduces back to earth
His perishable piles.
I led thee here
Charles, not without design; for this hath been
My favourite walk even since I was a boy;
And I remember Charles, this ruin here,
The neatest comfortable dwelling place!
That when I read in those dear books that first
Woke in my heart the love of poesy,
How with the villagers Erminia dwelt,
And Calidore for a fair shepherdess
Forgot his quest to learn the shepherd’s lore;
My fancy drew from, this the little hut
Where that poor princess wept her hopeless love,
Or where the gentle Calidore at eve
Led Pastorella home. There was not then
A weed where all these nettles overtop
The garden wall; but sweet-briar, scenting sweet
The morning air, rosemary and marjoram,
All wholesome herbs; and then, that woodbine wreath’d
So lavishly around the pillared porch
Its fragrant flowers, that when I past this way,
After a truant absence hastening home,
I could not chuse but pass with slacken’d speed
By that delightful fragrance. Sadly changed
Is this poor cottage! and its dwellers, Charles!--
Theirs is a simple melancholy tale,
There’s scarce a village but can fellow it,
And yet methinks it will not weary thee,
And should not be untold.
A widow woman
Dwelt with her daughter here; just above want,
She lived on some small pittance that sufficed,
In better times, the needful calls of life,
Not without comfort. I remember her
Sitting at evening in that open door way
And spinning in the sun; methinks I see her
Raising her eyes and dark-rimm’d spectacles
To see the passer by, yet ceasing not
To twirl her lengthening thread. Or in the garden
On some dry summer evening, walking round
To view her flowers, and pointing, as she lean’d
Upon the ivory handle of her stick,
To some carnation whose o’erheavy head
Needed support, while with the watering-pot
Joanna followed, and refresh’d and trimm’d
The drooping plant; Joanna, her dear child,
As lovely and as happy then as youth
And innocence could make her.
Charles! it seems
As tho’ I were a boy again, and all
The mediate years with their vicissitudes
A half-forgotten dream. I see the Maid
So comely in her Sunday dress! her hair,
Her bright brown hair, wreath’d in contracting curls,
And then her cheek! it was a red and white
That made the delicate hues of art look loathsome,
The countrymen who on their way to church
Were leaning o’er the bridge, loitering to hear
The bell’s last summons, and in idleness
Watching the stream below, would all look up
When she pass’d by. And her old Mother, Charles!
When I have beard some erring infidel
Speak of our faith as of a gloomy creed,
Inspiring fear and boding wretchedness.
Her figure has recurr’d; for she did love
The sabbath-day, and many a time has cross’d
These fields in rain and thro’ the winter snows.
When I, a graceless boy, wishing myself
By the fire-side, have wondered why she came
Who might have sate at home.
One only care
Hung on her aged spirit. For herself,
Her path was plain before her, and the close
Of her long journey near. But then her child
Soon to be left alone in this bad world,--
That was a thought that many a winter night
Had kept her sleepless: and when prudent love
In something better than a servant’s slate
Had placed her well at last, it was a pang
Like parting life to part with her dear girl.

One summer, Charles, when at the holydays
Return’d from school, I visited again
My old accustomed walks, and found in them.
A joy almost like meeting an old friend,
I saw the cottage empty, and the weeds
Already crowding the neglected flowers.
Joanna by a villain’s wiles seduced
Had played the wanton, and that blow had reach’d
Her mother’s heart. She did not suffer long,
Her age was feeble, and the heavy blow
Brought her grey hairs with sorrow to the grave.

I pass this ruin’d dwelling oftentimes
And think of other days. It wakes in me
A transient sadness, but the feelings Charles
That ever with these recollections rise,
I trust in God they will not pass away.




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