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Chipmunks of Wyoming, by John A. White

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Title: Geographic Distribution and Taxonomy of the Chipmunks of Wyoming

Author: John A. White

Release Date: April 11, 2010 [EBook #31951]

Language: English

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Capitalized color terms in the following accounts are of Ridgway, "Color Standards and Color Nomenclature," Washington, D.C., 1912.

The measurements of the skull that were used in this study were made as shown in White (1953:566, fig. 1). These are: Greatest length of skull, zygomatic breadth, cranial breadth, length of nasals, length of lower tooth-row, condylo-alveolar length of mandible, and inner mandibular length.

Of the external measurements, only the total length and the length of the tail are recorded in table 1. Some field collectors measured the ear from the notch and others from the crown; most collectors measured the length of the hindfoot to the nearest millimeter rather than in tenths of a millimeter as would have been desirable. Consequently, I decided against using the length of the ear and hindfoot in this report.

When the word "significantly" is used in comparisons, it is meant to show that there is a significant statistical difference between two or more samples. Whenever eight or more specimens from one locality were available, the mean, range, standard deviation, standard error of the mean, and coefficient of variability were calculated.

Only adult specimens were used in comparison. "Aging" of specimens is discussed on page 587 of this paper.

The geographic range of each species and subspecies is not described in writing, for, the localities are plotted on maps along with the geographic range of each subspecies, and under "specimens examined" the locality of each specimen or series of specimens is listed.

In the synonymy of each subspecies there appears, first the first usage of a name, second the first usage of the name combination now employed, and third, pure synonyms.

A total of 757 specimens of chipmunks are listed as examined in the course of preparing this report. Additional specimens were less carefully examined in the Biological Surveys Collection in Washington, D.C. Specimens used in my study, unless otherwise specified, are in the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas. The symbols representing the collections containing specimens studied are as follows:

I am grateful to Professor E. Raymond Hall for guidance in my study and thank Doctors Robert W. Wilson, E. Lendell Cockrum, Keith R. Kelson, A. Byron Leonard, Rollin H. Baker, and others at the Museum of Natural History and Department of Zoology, University of Kansas, for encouragement and advice. My wife, Alice M. White, made the illustrations and helped me in many ways.

For permission to borrow and to study specimens, I thank Dr. W. H. Burt of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Miss Viola S. Schantz of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Mr. Colin C. Sanborn of the Chicago Natural History Museum, and Mr. James S. Findley.

Assistance with field work is acknowledged from the Kansas University Endowment Association, the National Science Foundation and the United States Navy, Office of Naval Research, through contract No. NR161 791.

Diagnosis.—Size small; tip of baculum of adults less than 28 per cent of length of shaft; outermost dorsal dark stripes distinct; skull small to medium; when skull medium, zygomatic breadth not proportionally narrower.

Comparisons.—From Eutamias amoenus luteiventris, the only subspecies of that species in Wyoming, E. minimus differs in: Size smaller; tip of baculum in adults less than 28 per cent of length of shaft; zygomatic arches proportionally wider; underparts white or with less yellow or tawny.

From E. umbrinus, E. minimus differs in: Size smaller; general tone of upper parts lighter; base of baculum not widened but almost as narrow as least diameter of shaft.

Tamias minimus Bachman, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 8(pt. 1):71, 1839.

Eutamias minimus, Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 30:42, December 27, 1901.

Type.—Obtained on Green River, near mouth of Big Sandy Creek, Sweetwater County, Wyoming. Age, sex, collector, and date when obtained, not surely known.

Diagnosis.—Size small; general tone of upper parts pale grayish brown; baculum small.

Description.—Color pattern: Crown Pinkish Buff mixed with grayish white; facial stripes Snuff-Brown mixed with black; anterior margin of ear Drab washed with Cinnamon; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Light Pinkish Cinnamon; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe black with Sayal Brown along margins; lateral pair of dark stripes Sayal Brown more or less mixed with Fuscous; pairs of light dorsal stripes grayish white and tinged with Buff; rump and thighs Smoke Gray; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black mixed with Cinnamon-Buff; ventral surface of tail Sayal Brown or Clay Color, Blackish Brown mixed with Cinnamon-Buff around margins; antiplantar and antipalmar surfaces of feet Pale Pinkish Buff; underparts creamy white. Skull and Baculum: Small but proportionally the same as in other subspecies of E. minimus.

Comparisons.—From E. m. consobrinus, the subspecies to the west and south, E. m. minimus differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts lighter; underside of tail lighter.

From E. m. pallidus, the subspecies to the north and northeast, E. m. minimus differs in: Size smaller; skull shorter and narrower; mandible shorter and shallower; baculum shorter; slightly paler.

From E. m. confinis, the subspecies in the Big Horn Mountains, E. m. minimus differs in: Size smaller; skull shorter and narrower; mandible shorter and shallower; baculum shorter; paler.

From E. m. operarius, the subspecies to the east and southeast, E. m. minimus differs in: Size smaller; skull shorter and narrower; mandible shorter and shallower; baculum shorter; paler.

Specimens examined.—Total number 167.

Sublette Co.: 60 mi. SE Jackson [Teton County], 1 (MM); 2 mi. SE Big Sandy, 1.

Fremont Co.: 40 mi. E Dubois, 1; 12 mi. N and 3 mi. W Shoshoni, 4,650 ft., 2; 9 mi. N and 3 mi. E Shoshoni, 4,700 ft., 2; 7 mi. N and 3 mi. E Shoshoni, 4,700 ft., 3; 2½ mi. W Shoshoni, 4,800 ft., 1; Granite Mountains, 6; Mount Crooks, 8,600 ft., 6.

Natrona Co.: 27 mi. N and 1 mi. E Powder River, 6,075 ft., 2; 15 mi. N and 1 mi. W Waltman, 1; 9 mi. S and 9 mi. W Waltman, 6,950 ft., 1; 16 mi. S and 11 mi. W Waltman, 6,950 ft., 2; Sun Ranch, 5 mi. W Independence Rock, 6,000 ft., 4; 9 mi. W and 1 mi. N Independence Rock, 1; 5 mi. W and 1 mi. S Independence Rock, 2.

Uinta Co.: 15 mi. WSW Granger [Sweetwater County], 1; 10 mi. SW Granger [Sweetwater County], 10 (MM).

Sweetwater Co.: Farson, 6,580 ft., 11; 5 mi. E Farson, 1; 27 mi. N Table Rock, 1 (MM); 27 mi. N and 37 mi. E Rock Springs, 6,700 ft., 1; 25 mi. N and 38 mi. E Rock Springs, 6,700 ft., 3; Junction of Big Sandy Creek and Green River, 6,400 ft., 7 (3MM); 17 mi. N and 6 mi. W Rock Springs, 7,000 ft., 1; Thayer Junction, 9 (MM); Table Rock, 1 (MM); Wamsutter, 1 (MM); Green River, 4 (MM); Bitter Creek, 2 (FC); 13 mi. S and 14 mi. E Rock Springs, 6,650 ft., 2; 18 mi. S Bitter Creek, 6,800 ft., 2; 22 mi. SSW Bitter Creek, 5; 26 mi. S and 21 mi. W Rock Springs, 3; Kinney Ranch, 6,800 ft., 21 mi. S Bitter Creek, 15; 30 mi. S Bitter Creek, 2; 32 mi. S and 22 mi. W Rock Springs, 1; 32 mi. S and 22 mi. E Rock Springs, 7,025 ft., 12; 33 mi. S Bitter Creek, 6,900 ft., 6; 3 mi. W Green River, and 2 mi. N Utah Boundary, 1; 1/2 mi. N Junction Henrys Fork and Utah Boundary, 2; 1 mi. N Linwood, Utah, 1 (MM).

Carbon Co.: 18 mi. NNE Sinclair, 6,500 ft., 2; Rawlins, 1; 30 mi. E Rawlins, 6,750 ft., 2; Bridgers Pass, 18 mi. SW Rawlins, 7,500 ft., 1.

Additional records (Howell 1929:38): Lincoln Co.: Fontanelle; Opal. Sublette Co.: Big Piney; Green River at junction with New Fork; Muddy Creek, near Big Sandy Creek. Fremont Co.: Jackeys Creek, 3 mi. S Dubois; Wind River near mouth of Meadow Creek; Ft. Washakie; Green Mountains, 8 mi. E Rongis. Natrona Co.: Bitter Creek, near Powder River; Rattlesnake Mountains; Casper; Independence Rock. Sweetwater Co.: Eden, Steamboat Mountain; Superior; Maxon; Green River, 4 mi. N Linwood, Utah; Henrys Fork, at mouth of Burnt Fork. Carbon Co.: Canyon Creek, 12 mi. S Alcova; Ferris Mountains; Shirley; Shirley Mountains; 8½ mi. SE Lost Soldier [= Bairoil]; Ft. Steele; Sulphur Springs. Albany Co.: Spring Creek, 10 mi. W Marshall; Sheep Creek. County uncertain: Little Sandy River; Green River.

Tamias minimus consobrinus J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 3:112, June, 1890.

Eutamias minimus consobrinus, Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 30:42, December 27, 1901.

Eutamias lectus J. A. Allen, Brooklyn Inst. Mus. Sci. Bull. 1:117, March 31, 1905 (not in Wyoming), type from Beaver Valley, Utah.

Eutamias consobrinus clarus Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 31:31, May 16, 1918, type from Swan Lake Valley, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.

Type.—Male, adult, skull and skin, No. 186456 (NM); from near Barclay, Parley's Canyon, Wasatch Mountains, Salt Lake County, Utah; obtained on October 31, 1888, by Vernon Bailey; original No. 361.

Diagnosis.—Size small; over-all tone of upper parts grayish brown; baculum small, as in E. m. minimus.

Description.—Color pattern: Crown Smoke Gray mixed with Ochraceous-Tawny; upper facial stripe Fuscous; other facial stripes Fuscous or Fuscous Black mixed with Tawny; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Light Ochraceous-Buff; anterior margin of ear Ochraceous-Tawny; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe black with Ochraceous-Tawny along margins; other dorsal dark stripes black mixed with Ochraceous-Tawny; median pair of dorsal light stripes grayish white with Ochraceous-Tawny along margins; lateral pair of light dorsal stripes white; sides Ochraceous-Tawny or Light Sayal Brown; rump and thighs Smoke Gray mixed with Cinnamon-Buff; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black mixed with Cinnamon-Buff; ventral surface of tail Sayal Brown, Fuscous Black along margin, and Cinnamon-Buff or Ochraceous-Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Light Pinkish Cinnamon or Pinkish Buff; underparts grayish white mixed slightly with Buff. Skull and Baculum: Small but proportionally the same as in other subspecies of E. minimus.

Comparisons.—From E. m. pallidus, the subspecies to the east, E. m. consobrinus differs in: Color darker; size smaller; skull narrower and shorter; baculum shorter.

From E. m. confinis, the subspecies from the Big Horn Mountains, E. m. consobrinus differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts less grayish; underside of tail lighter; skull narrower and shorter; baculum shorter.

For comparisons with E. m. minimus see the account of that subspecies.

Specimens examined.—Total number, 135.

Yellowstone Park: Fishing Bridge, 1 (MM).

Park Co.: SW slope Whirlwind Peak, 9,000 ft., 1.

Teton Co.: N end Blacktail Butte, 6,600 ft., 1 mi. E Moose, 1; Bar BC Ranch, 6,500 ft., 2½ mi. NE Moose, 2; 3¾ mi. E Moose, 6,300 ft., 3; 3¾ mi. E and 3/4 mi. S Moran, 6,210 ft., 2; 5 mi. S Moran, 1 (FC); 2 mi. S Elk Ranch, 2 (FC); 7 mi. S Moran, 1 (FC); 19 mi. E and 2 mi. S Moran, 1; Flat Creek Pass, 1 (MM); Flat Creek-Crystal Creek Divide, 1 (MM); Flat Creek-Granite Creek Divide, 5 (MM); Dry Hollow, Jackson, 1 (MM); Jackson, 4 (MM); Jenny Lake, 2 (MM); Sheep Creek, Jackson, 1 (MM).

Lincoln Co.: 3 mi. N and 11 mi. E Alpine, 5,650 ft., 2; 13 mi. N and 2 mi. W Afton, 6,100 ft., 2; 10 mi. N and 2 mi. W Afton, 6,100 ft., 2; 6 mi. N and 2 mi. E Sage, 6,050 ft., 1; Kemmerer, 1; Cumberland, 14 mi. S and 1 mi. W Kemmerer, 6,550 ft., 6.

Sublette Co.: 5 mi. E and 9 mi. N Pinedale, 9,200 ft., 12; 10 mi. NE Pinedale, 8,000 ft., 2; W end Half Moon Lake, 7,900 ft., 5; 3 mi. E and 5 mi. N Pinedale, 7,500 ft., 3; 2¼ mi. NE Pinedale, 7,500 ft, 3; 4 mi. W Pinedale, 7,200 ft., 2; 19 mi. W and 2 mi. S Big Piney, 7,700 ft., 1; 31 mi. N Pinedale, 8,025 ft., 2.

Fremont Co.: Togwotee Pass, 3 (1 FC); Moccasin Lake, 10,100 ft., 19 mi. W and 4 mi. N Lander, 1; 16 mi. S and 5½ mi. W Lander, 8,650 ft., 1; 23½ mi. S and 5 mi. W Lander, 8,600 ft., 1; 3 mi. E and 1/2 mi. N South Pass City, 7,900 ft., 7; Mosquito Park R.S., 9,500 ft., 17½ mi. W and 2½ mi. N Lander, 1; 4 mi. S and 8½ mi. W Lander, 9,200 ft., 1.

Uinta Co.: 1/2 mi. S Cumberland [Lincoln County], 1; 2 mi. W Fort Bridger, 6,070 ft., 1; 8½ mi. W Fort Bridger, 6,700 ft., 17; 1/2 mi. S Mountain View, 6,900 ft., 2; 6 mi. S and 2½ mi. E Robertson, 8,200 ft., 3; 8 mi. S and 2½ mi. E Robertson, 8,300 ft., 1; 9 mi. S Robertson, 8,000 ft., 5; 9½ mi. S and 1 mi. W Robertson, 8,600 ft., 2; 10 mi. S and 1 mi. W Robertson, 8,700 ft., 4; 13 mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 9,200 ft., 7; 2 mi. E and 12 mi. S Robertson, Ashley Nat. For., 9,000 ft., 1; 11½ mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 9,200 ft., 1; 4½ mi. S and 4 mi. E Robertson, 8,025 ft., 1.

Additional records (Howell 1929:48): Yellowstone Park: Bunsen Peak; Swan Lake Valley; Canyon; Lake Station; Firehole River; Summit Lake; Snow Pass. Park Co.: Beartooth Lake; Whirlwind Peak, near Pahaska Tepee; Valley; Needle Mountain. Teton Co.: Elk, Jackson Hole; Teton Pass. Lincoln Co.: Thayne; head of La Barge Creek; Smith Fork, 7,000 to 8,000 ft. Sublette Co.: 12 mi. N Kendall; Merna; Fremont Lake; Surveyor Park, 12 mi. NE Pinedale; Bronx; Little Sandy Creek; Stanley; Big Sandy. Fremont Co.: Lake Fork, Wind River Mountains; Fremont Peak; South Pass City. Uinta Co.: Bear River Divide, 14 mi. N Evanstone; Evanstone; Ft. Bridger; Spring Valley; Henry's Fork, 5 mi. W Lone Tree; Lone Tree; Sage Creek (exact locality unknown).

Tamias quadrivittatus b. var. pallidus J. A. Allen, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 16:289, 1874.

Eutamias minimus pallidus, Howell, Jour. Mamm. 3:183, August 4, 1922.

Lectotype.—Skull and skin, No. 11656/38311 (NM); from Camp Thorne, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; obtained on July 18, 1873, by J. A. Allen; original No. 200.

Diagnosis.—Size large; over-all tone of upper parts pale grayish brown; baculum large.

Description.—Color pattern: Crown Pale Smoke Gray mixed with Clay Color; facial stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Clay Color; anterior margin of ear and hairs inside posterior part of pinna Pale Pinkish Buff; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe black with Clay Color along margins; other dorsal dark stripes Fuscous mixed with Clay Color; median pair of dorsal light stripes Pale Smoke Gray; lateral pair of dorsal light stripes creamy white; sides Cinnamon-Buff; rump and thighs Smoke Gray mixed with Pale Buff; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black slightly mixed with Warm Buff; ventral surface of tail Pinkish Cinnamon or Pinkish Buff, with Fuscous Black along margin and Warm Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Pinkish Buff, Warm Buff or Pale Yellow-Orange; underparts white with dark underfur. Skull and Baculum: Large but of same proportions as in other subspecies of E. minimus.

Comparisons.—From E. m. silvaticus, the subspecies from the Black Hills, E. m. pallidus differs in: Paler; underside of tail paler; sides paler.

From E. m. confinis, the subspecies from the Big Horn Mountains, E. m. pallidus differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts paler; sides paler; underside of tail paler.

From E. m. operarius, the subspecies from the mountains in south-central Wyoming, E. m. pallidus differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts paler; sides paler; underside of tail paler.

For comparisons with E. m. minimus and E. m. consobrinus, see the accounts of those subspecies.

Specimens examined.—Total number, 58.

Park Co.: 2 mi. S and 2 mi. E Meteetse, 5,750 ft., 3.

Big Horn Co.: 6 mi. NW Greybull, 3,800 ft., 6; Greybull, 4 (BS); 7 mi. S Basin, 3,900 ft., 5.

Sheridan Co.: 5 mi. NE Clearmont, 3,900 ft., 1.

Campbell Co.: 5 mi. N and 8 mi. W Spotted Horse, 9; 6 mi. W and 4 mi. S Rockypoint, 4,200 ft., 1; 4 mi. S and 3 mi. W Rockypoint, 5; Middle Butte, 6,010 ft., 38 mi. S and 19 mi. W Gillette, 3; South Butte, 6,000 ft., 17½ mi. W and 40½ mi. S Gillette, 2; Ivy Creek, 8 mi. W and 5 mi. N Spotted Horse, 6.

Crook Co.: Moorcroft, Belle Fourche Valley, 8 (BS).

Washakie Co.: 15 mi. W Tensleep, in badlands, 1 (BS); 8 mi. S and 8 mi. W Worland, 1; 10 mi. S Tensleep, near No Wood Creek, 2 (BS).

Goshen Co.: Rawhide Buttes, 12 mi. S and 1 mi. W Lusk, 1.

Laramie Co.: unspecified, 1.

Additional records (Howell 1929:44): Big Horn Co.: Otto; Hyattville. Sheridan Co.: Powder River at mouth of Clear Creek; Sheridan; Arvada. Weston Co.: Thornton; Upton; Pine Ridge; Newcastle. Hot Springs Co.: head of Bridger Creek; Willow Creek, 10 mi. SW Thermopolis. Washakie Co.: 10 mi. S Manderson; Otter Creek, Bighorn Basin. Johnson Co.: Powder River Basin, near Pumpkin Buttes. Natrona Co.: Merino. Converse Co.: Douglas. Platte Co.: Guernsey; 15 mi. SW Wheatland. Goshen Co.: Rawhide Butte. Localities for which counties are unknown: Owl Creek Mountains; North Platte River.

Eutamias minimus confinis Howell, Jour. Mamm. 6:52, February 15, 1925.

Type.—Female, adult, skull and skin No. 168957 (NM); from head of Trapper Creek, west slope of Bighorn Mountains, Big Horn County, Wyoming; obtained on July 7, 1910, by Merrit Cary; original No. 1956.

Diagnosis.—Size large; over-all tone of upper parts grayish brown; baculum large, as in E. m. pallidus.

Description.—Color pattern: Crown Clay Color mixed with Pale Smoke Gray; upper facial stripe Fuscous Black; other facial stripes Fuscous Black slightly mixed with Tawny; anterior margin of ear Yellow Ocher or Ochraceous-Orange; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Yellow Ocher or Ochraceous-Orange; posterior margin of ear Smoke Gray; postauricular patch buffy white or Smoke Gray; dorsal dark stripes black or Fuscous Black more or less mixed with Tawny or Tawny-Olive; dorsal light stripes creamy white, sometimes washed with Pale Smoke Gray; sides Raw Sienna or Cinnamon-Buff; rump and thighs Pale Smoke Gray mixed with Tawny-Olive; dorsal surface of tail black mixed with Clay Color; ventral surface of tail Clay Color, black along margin and Light Buff or Light Ochraceous-Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Pinkish Buff; underparts creamy white sometimes with grayish underfur. Skull and Baculum: Large but proportionally the same as in other subspecies of E. minimus.

Comparisons.—From E. m. silvaticus, the subspecies from the Black Hills, E. m. confinis differs in: General tone of upper parts darker, more reddish and less grayish; ventral surface of tail more tawny; skull and baculum of same size and proportions.

From E. m. operarius, the subspecies from the Laramie Range and other mountains of south-central Wyoming, E. m. confinis differs in: Rump and thighs darker; sides darker; general tone of upper parts more grayish.

For comparisons with E. m. minimus, E. m. consobrinus, and E. m. pallidus, see the accounts of those subspecies.

Specimens examined.—Total number, 85.

Big Horn Co.: 12 mi. E and 2 mi. S Shell, 7,900 ft., 2; 13 mi. E and 2 mi. N Shell, 8,500 ft., 2; 13 mi. E Shell, 8,300 ft., 1; 17 mi. E and 3 mi. S Shell, 9,000 ft., 8; 17½ mi. E and 4½ mi. S Shell, 8,500 ft, 11; 19 mi. E and 4½ mi. S Shell, 9,600 ft., 1; 9 mi. E and 9 mi. N Tensleep, 8,200 ft., 4.

Sheridan Co.: Medicine Wheel Ranch, 9,000 ft., 28 mi. E Lovell, 11; 38 mi. E Lovell, Big Horn Nat. For., 9,600 ft., 10; 5½ mi. W and 1½ mi. S Junction U.S. Highway 14 and Wyoming [State Highway] 14, 8,480 ft., 2.

Washakie Co.: 9 mi. E and 4 mi. N Tensleep, 7,000 ft., 26; 3 mi. SE Tensleep, 4,300 ft., 1.

Johnson Co.: 5½ mi. W and 1 mi. S Buffalo, 6,500 ft., 4; 7½ mi. W and 1 mi. S Buffalo, 6,500 ft., 2.

Additional records (Howell 1929:46): Sheridan Co.: 20 mi. from Sheridan. Washakie Co.: Head of Canyon Creek. Johnson Co.: Head of North Fork of Powder River.

Eutamias minimus silvaticus White, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 5 (19):259-262, April 10, 1952.

Type.—Female, adult, skull and skin, No. 20050 (KU); from 3 mi. NW Sundance, 5,900 ft., Crook County, Wyoming; obtained on July 4, 1947, by H. W. Setzer; original No. 1692.

Diagnosis.—Size large; over-all tone of upper parts brownish gray; sides Ochraceous-Buff; baculum as in E. m. pallidus.

Description.—Color pattern: Crown Sayal Brown washed with Cinnamon-Buff; facial stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Clay Color; anterior margin of ear Ochraceous-Orange; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Ochraceous-Buff; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; dorsal dark stripes Fuscous Black more or less mixed with Ochraceous-Buff; medial dorsal light stripes Pale Smoke Gray with Ochraceous-Buff along margins; lateral dorsal light stripes grayish white or white with Ochraceous-Buff along margins; sides Ochraceous-Buff; rump and thighs Smoke Gray washed with Ochraceous-Buff; dorsal surface of tail black interspersed with Ochraceous-Buff; ventral surface of tail Ochraceous-Orange, with black along margin and Light Ochraceous-Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Light Buff; underparts creamy white sometimes washed with Ochraceous-Buff. Skull and Baculum: Large but of same proportions as in other subspecies of E. minimus.

Comparisons.—From E. m. operarius, the subspecies from south-central Wyoming, E. m. silvaticus differs in: Underside of tail lighter; general tone of upper parts grayer; sides lighter; skull and baculum of same size and proportions.

For comparisons with E. m. pallidus and E. m. confinis, see the accounts of those subspecies.

Specimens examined.—Total number, 42.

Crook Co.: 15 mi. N Sundance, Black Hills Nat. Forest, 5,500 ft., 6; 15 mi. ENE Sundance, 3,825 ft., 1; 3 mi. NW Sundance, 5,900 ft., 14; 1 mi. N Sundance, Black Hills Nat. Forest, 1.

Weston Co.: 1½ mi. E Buckhorn, 6,150 ft., 19; SE Newcastle, 1 (MM).

Additional records (Howell 1929:57): Crook Co.: Devils Tower; Sundance.

Eutamias amoenus operarius Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18:164, June 29, 1905.

Eutamias minimus operarius, Howell, Jour. Mamm. 3:183, August 4, 1922.

Type.—Female, adult, skull and skin, No. 129808 (BS); from Gold Hill, 7,400 ft., Boulder County, Colorado; obtained on October 8, 1903, by Vernon Bailey; original No. 8160.

Diagnosis.—Size large; general tone of upper parts dark reddish brown; sides Tawny or Ochraceous-Tawny; baculum large, as in E. m. pallidus.

Description.—Color pattern: Crown Cinnamon-Buff mixed with Pale Smoke Gray; facial stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Sayal Brown; anterior margin of ear and hairs inside posterior part of pinna Cinnamon-Buff; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch Pale Smoke Gray; dorsal dark stripes black with Ochraceous-Tawny along margins; median dorsal light stripes Pale Smoke Gray with Ochraceous-Tawny along margins; lateral dorsal light stripes white; sides Tawny or Ochraceous-Tawny; rump and thighs Light Grayish Olive; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black slightly mixed with Clay Color; ventral surface of tail Sayal Brown or Ochraceous-Tawny with Fuscous Black along margin and Clay Color along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Ochraceous-Buff; underparts grayish white, often washed with Buff. Skull and Baculum: Large but of same proportions as in other subspecies of E. minimus.

Comparisons.—For comparisons with E. m. minimus, E. m. pallidus, E. m. confinis, and E. m. silvaticus, see the accounts of those subspecies.

Specimens examined.—Total number, 118.

Natrona Co.: 2 mi. W and 7 mi. S Casper, 6,370 ft., 2; 10 mi. S Casper, 7,750 ft., 3; 6 mi. S and 2 mi. W Casper, 5,900 ft., 1.

Converse Co.: 21½ mi. S and 24½ mi. W Douglas, 7,600 ft., 10.

Carbon Co.: Lake Marie, 10,440 ft., 1; 2 mi. S and 1/2 mi. W Medicine Bow Peak, 10,400 ft., 1; 2 mi. S and 2 mi. W Medicine Bow Peak, 10,700 ft., 1; 10 mi. N and 14 mi. E Encampment, 8,000 ft., 2; 8 mi. N and 14 mi. E Encampment, 8,400 ft., 2; 8 mi. N and 16 mi. E Encampment, 8,400 ft., 3; 21½ mi. E and 8 mi. N Encampment, 9,400 ft., 2; 10 mi. E and 6 mi. S Saratoga, 8,800 ft., 1; 8 mi. N and 19½ mi. E Savery, 8,800 ft., 16; 17 mi. E and 7 mi. N Savery, 8,300 ft., 1; 7 mi. N and 19 mi. E Savery, 10,128 ft., 1; 14 mi. E and 6 mi. N Savery, 8,400 ft., 1; 5 mi. N and 5 mi. E Savery, 6,900 ft., 2.

Albany Co.: 27 mi. N and 7½ mi. E Laramie, 6,960 ft., 12; 13 mi. E and 9 mi. N Laramie, 7,700 ft., 2; 8¾ mi. E and 6½ mi. S Laramie, 8,200 ft., 1; 5½ mi. ESE Laramie, 8,500 ft., 1; 8 mi. E and 4 mi. S Laramie, 8,600 ft, 1; 2 mi. SE Pole Mountain, 8,200 ft., 19; 3 mi. S Pole Mountain, 8,100 ft., 2; 1 mi. SSE Pole Mountain, 8,350 ft., 3; 3 mi. ESE Browns Peak, 10,000 ft., 15; 2½ mi. ESE Browns Peak, 10,300 ft., 1.

Laramie Co.: 5 mi. W Horse Creek P.O., 7,200 ft., 2; 3½ mi. W Horse Creek P.O., 7,000 ft., 3; 2 mi. W Horse Creek P.O., 6,600 ft., 1.

Additional records (Howell 1929:51): Natrona Co.: Casper Mountains, 7 mi. S Casper. Carbon Co.: Bridger Peak; Riverside. Albany Co.: Springhill, 12 mi. N Laramie Peak; Eagle Peak; Bear Creek, 3 mi. SW Eagle Peak; Laramie Mountains, 10 mi. E Laramie; Woods [= Woods Landing]; Sherman. Laramie Co.: Bluffs near Pole Creek; 6 mi. W Islay.

Diagnosis.—Size medium; over-all tone of upper parts often grayish olive; baculum small or medium, slender; tip of baculum 30 to 38 per cent of length of shaft; skull medium, narrow across zygomata.

Comparisons.—From E. dorsalis utahensis, the only subspecies of this species in Wyoming, E. amoenus luteiventris differs in: Dorsal light and dark stripes distinct; over-all tone of upper parts less grayish (more tawny); tip of baculum less than 38 per cent of length of shaft in adult specimens.

From E. umbrinus fremonti, the only subspecies of this species which occurs in the same area with E. amoenus in Wyoming, E. a. luteiventris differs in: Smaller size; tawny underparts; base of baculum not noticeably widened.

For comparisons with E. minimus see the account of that species.

Tamias quadrivittatus luteiventris J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:101, June, 1890.

Eutamias amoenus luteiventris, Howell, Jour. Mamm., 3:183, August 4, 1922.

Type.—Male, adult, skull and skin, No. 11991/37996 (NM); from "Chief Mountain Lake" [Waterton Lake], 3½ mi. N United States-Canadian Boundary, Alberta; obtained on August 24, 1874, by Elliot Coues; original No. 4596.

Diagnosis.—General tone of upper parts ochraceous; underparts strongly buffy; tip of baculum in adult specimens, more than 30 per cent and less than 38 per cent of length of shaft.

Description.—Color pattern: Crown Cinnamon mixed with Smoke Gray; upper two facial stripes black; submalar stripe Fuscous or Fuscous Black mixed with Ochraceous-Tawny; anterior margin of ear Ochraceous-Tawny; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch Light Buff or buffy white; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Ochraceous-Tawny; median dorsal dark stripe black; lateral pair of dorsal dark stripes black and mixed with Tawny, frequently brownish; median pair of dorsal light stripes white tinged with Pale Smoke Gray; lateral pair of dorsal light stripes creamy white; sides Tawny or Ochraceous-Tawny; rump and thighs Dark Smoke Gray strongly mixed with Cinnamon-Buff; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black mixed with Clay Color; ventral surface of tail Light Ochraceous-Tawny, with Fuscous Black around margin and Clay Color around outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Cinnamon or Cinnamon-Buff; underparts Cinnamon-Buff or Light Ochraceous-Buff. Skull: Size medium; moderately narrowed across zygomata. Baculum: Slender; not noticeably broadened at base; tip more than 30 per cent of length of shaft.

Specimens examined.—Total number, 83.

Yellowstone Park: Unspecified, 2.

Park Co.: 31½ mi. N and 36 mi. W Cody, 6,900 ft., 6; 29 mi. N and 31 mi. W Cody, 7,200 ft., 1; 28 mi. N and 30 mi. W Cody, 7,200 ft., 1; 16¼ mi. N and 17 mi. W Cody, 5,625 ft., 3; 25 mi. S and 28 mi. W Cody, 6,350 ft., 2.

Teton Co.: Two Ocean Lake, 2 (1 FC); Whetstone Creek, 8 (MM); Emma Matilda Lake, 1 (FC); Pacific Creek Road, 2½ mi. E Moran, 1 (FC); Two Ocean Lake Road, 2 (FC); 2 mi. E Moran, 1 (FC); 2½ mi. E and 1/4 mi. N Moran, 6,230 ft., 8; Pacific Creek, 1 (MM); junction of Two Ocean Lake Road and U.S. Highway 187, 2 (FC); Signal Mountain Road, 1 (FC); Leigh Lake, 9 (MM); Indian Paint Brush Canyon, Teton Park, 1 (MM); Teton National Park, 3; 3 mi. E and 1/4 mi. S Moran, 6,200 ft., 1; 3¾ mi. E and 1 mi. S Moran, 6,200 ft., 8; 2½ mi. N and 3½ mi. E Moran, 7,225 ft., 1; Timbered Island, 6,750 ft., 4 mi. N Moose, 5; Bar BC Ranch, 6,500 ft., 2½ mi. NE Moose, 9; Grand Teton, 9,000 ft., Teton Park, 1 (MM); Upper Arizona Creek, Jackson, 1 (MM).

Lincoln Co.: 3 mi. N and 11 mi. E Alpine, 5,650 ft., 2.

Additional records (Howell 1929:69): Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs; Roaring Mountain; Bunsen Peak; Yancey; Apollinaris Spring; Canyon; Yellowstone Lake; Upper Geyser Basin; Old Faithful. Park Co.: Near head of Clarks Fork; Pahaska, N Fork Shoshone River at Grinnell Creek; Valley. Teton Co.: Moran; Teton Mountains; Teton Pass. Lincoln Co.: Afton, Salt River Mountains; head of La Barge Creek, 9,100 ft.; Salt River Mountains, 10 mi. SE Afton. Sublette Co.: Merna; Stanley.

Diagnosis.—Size medium to large; general tone of upper parts Smoke Gray; dorsal stripes indistinct or obsolete; often brightly colored at base of tail; keel of baculum proportionally high, approximately 1⁄3 of length of tip; skull longer than 34.5 mm.

Comparisons.—From E. umbrinus, E. dorsalis differs in: Dorsal stripes faint; skull smaller; base of baculum not noticeably expanded; general tone of upper parts grayer.

For comparisons with E. minimus and E. amoenus see the accounts of those species.

Eutamias dorsalis utahensis Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 11:210, July 1, 1897.

Type.—Male, adult, skull and skin, No. 186457 (NM); from Ogden, Weber County, Utah; obtained on October 9, 1888, by Vernon Bailey; original No. 289.

Diagnosis.—Size medium; dorsal stripes faint; baculum not noticeably widened at base.

Description.—Color pattern: Crown Pale Smoke Gray mixed with Cinnamon; upper facial stripe Fuscous; other facial stripes Sayal Brown mixed with Fuscous or Fuscous Black; anterior margin of ear Ochraceous-Tawny; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe Fuscous or black; other dorsal dark stripes black and mixed with gray, sometimes barely discernible; dorsal pair light stripes Smoke Gray; lateral pair of light stripes creamy white; rump and thighs Pale Smoke Gray mixed with Cinnamon; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black mixed with Tilleul Buff; underside of tail Cinnamon-Buff or Pinkish Buff, Fuscous Black around margin and Tilleul Buff around outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Cinnamon-Buff; underparts creamy white; sides Pinkish Cinnamon or Light Pinkish Cinnamon. Skull: Size medium; braincase well inflated; zygomata strong, moderately appressed to cranium. Baculum: Small; keel approximately 1⁄3 of length of tip.

Specimens examined.—Total number, 6.

Sweetwater Co.: W side Green River, 1 mi. N Utah border, 6.

Additional records (Howell 1929:134): Sweetwater Co.: Green River, 4 mi. NE Linwood, Utah.

Diagnosis.—Size large; general tone of upper parts dark; base of baculum widened; outermost dorsal dark stripe barely discernible or lacking; skull rarely shorter than 34.0 mm.

Comparisons.—For comparisons with the other species of Eutamias in Wyoming, see the accounts of E. minimus, E. amoenus, and E. dorsalis.

Tamias umbrinus J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 3:96, June, 1890.

Eutamias umbrinus, Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 30:45, December 27, 1901.

Type.—Male, adult, skull and skin, No. 186463 (NM); from Blacks Fork, about 9,500 ft., Uinta Mountains, Summit County, Utah; obtained on September 19, 1888, by Vernon Bailey; original No. 228.

Diagnosis.—Size medium; over-all tone of upper parts dark and shadowy; skull smallest of this species in Wyoming.

Description.—Color pattern: Crown Pale Smoke Gray; facial stripes Fuscous Black or Snuff-Brown; ears Fuscous Black; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe black with Sayal Brown along margins; lateral pair of dorsal dark stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Sayal Brown, or entirely Sayal Brown; outermost pair of dorsal dark stripes Sayal Brown mixed with Fuscous Black or lacking; sides Sayal Brown mixed with Cinnamon; rump and thighs Sayal Brown mixed with Smoke Gray; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Cinnamon-Buff; underside of tail Ochraceous-Tawny or Sayal Brown, with Fuscous Black around margin and Pinkish Buff around outermost edge; underparts creamy white with dark gray underfur. Skull: Smooth and rounded; braincase inflated; zygomata strong. Baculum: Broadened at base; shaft tapers rapidly to tip.

Comparisons.—From E. u. fremonti, the subspecies from the north in the mountains of northwestern Wyoming, E. u. umbrinus differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts darker; sides lighter; skull smaller. From E. u. montanus, the subspecies from the Medicine Bow Range of south-central Wyoming, E. u. umbrinus differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts darker; sides darker; skull smaller.

Specimens examined.—Total number, 23.

Uinta Co.: 9 mi. S Robertson, 8,000 ft, 15; 10 mi. S and 1 mi. W Robertson, 8,700 ft., 5; 11½ mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 9,200 ft., 1; 2 mi. E and 12 mi. S Robertson, Ashley Nat. Forest, 1; 13 mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 9,200 ft., 1.

Additional records (Howell 1929:95): Uinta Co.: Henry Fork, 5 mi. W Lone Tree; Lone Tree.

Eutamias umbrinus fremonti White, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist. 5:575, December 1, 1953.

Type.—Male, adult, skull, skin, and baculum, No. 41790 (KU); from 31 mi. N Pinedale, 8,025 ft., Sublette County, Wyoming; obtained on July 8, 1951, by Rollin H. Baker; original No. 1596.

Diagnosis.—Size large; over-all tone of upper parts dark; lower tooth-row longest of this species in Wyoming.

Description.—Color pattern: Crown Cinnamon-Buff mixed with gray; upper facial stripe Sepia; ocular stripe Chaetura-Drab; submalar stripe Fuscous Black mixed with Sayal Brown; ears black; anterior margin of ear Mars Yellow; posterior margin of ear grayish white; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Dresden Brown; postauricular patch Pale Smoke Gray; median dorsal dark stripe black; lateral dorsal dark stripes black mixed with Sayal Brown; outermost dorsal dark stripes Buckhorn Brown mixed with black or sometimes absent; median pair of dorsal light stripes grayish mixed with Buckhorn Brown; outer pair of dorsal light stripes creamy white; sides Buckhorn Brown; rump and thighs Pale Smoke Gray mixed with Saccardo's Umber; dorsal surface of tail black mixed with Buckhorn Brown; ventral surface of tail Sayal Brown, with Fuscous Black around margin and white or Light Buff around outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Warm Buff; underparts creamy white with dark underfur. Skull: Large; zygomata strong and arched; braincase well inflated. Baculum: Broad at base; shaft tapers sharply to tip.

Comparisons.—From E. u. montanus, the subspecies from the Medicine Bow Range of south-central Wyoming, E. u. fremonti differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts darker; underside of tail darker; feet darker; sides darker.

For comparisons with E. u. umbrinus see the account of that subspecies.

Specimens examined.—Total number, 53.

Yellowstone Park: Unspecified, 2.

Park Co.: Beartooth Lake, 1 (BS); 16¼ mi. N and 17 mi. W Cody, 5,625 ft., 2.

Teton Co.: 1 mi. E and 1/4 mi. N Togwotee Pass, 9,800 ft., 2; Amphitheater Lake, Teton Park, 1 (MM); Flat Creek, 4 (MM); head of Cache Creek, 4 (MM); Jackson, Upper Arizona Creek, 2 (MM); Flat Creek-Granite Creek divide, 6 (MM); Flat Creek Pass, 1 (MM); Flat Creek-Gravel Creek divide, 2 (MM).

Lincoln Co.: La Barge Creek, near source, 9,000 ft., 1 (BS).

Fremont Co.: Togwotee Pass, 12 (FC); 12 mi. N and 3 mi. W Shoshoni, 4,650 ft, 1; Mosquito Park R.S., 9,500 ft., 17½ mi. W and 2½ mi. N Lander, 1; 17 mi. S and 6½ mi. W Lander, 8,450 ft., 3.

Sublette Co.: 31 mi. N Pinedale, 8,025 ft., 1; W side Barbara Lake, 10,300 ft., 8 mi. S and 3 mi. W Fremont Peak, 4; 19 mi. W and 2 mi. S Big Piney, 7,700 ft., 5.

Additional records (Howell 1929:95): Park Co.: Near head of Clark Fork; Whirlwind Peak near Pahaska, N Fork Shoshone River; Valley, Shoshone Mountains; Needle Mountain. Teton Co.: Teton Mountains, S Moose Creek. Lincoln Co.: Salt River Mountains. Sublette Co.: Gros Ventre Range, 12 mi. NW Kendall; Merna; 8 mi. W Stanley; Big Sandy. Fremont Co.: Jackey's Creek, 4 mi. SW Dubois; Bull Lake, Wind River Mountains; Lake Fork, Wind River Mountains; Fremont Peak.

Eutamias umbrinus montanus White, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 5:576, December 1, 1953.

Type.—Male, adult, skull, skin, and baculum; 20105 (KU); from 1/2 mi. E and 3 mi. S Ward, 9,400 ft., Boulder County, Colorado; obtained on August 1, 1947, by E. L. Cockrum; original No. 721.

Diagnosis.—Size large; over-all tone of upper parts light; sides light.

Description.—Color pattern: Crown Raw Sienna mixed with gray; upper facial stripe and ocular stripe black mixed with Sepia; submalar stripe Snuff-Brown mixed with black; ear black or Sepia; anterior margin of ear Ochraceous-Tawny; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Cinnamon-Buff; median dorsal dark stripe black with Sayal Brown along margins; lateral pair of dorsal dark stripes black mixed with Sayal Brown; outermost pair of dorsal dark stripes Sayal Brown mixed with black or sometimes lacking; median pair of dorsal light stripes Pale Smoke Gray mixed with Clay Color; outer pair of dorsal light stripes creamy white; sides Clay Color; rump and thighs Neutral Gray; dorsal surface of tail black mixed with Cinnamon-Buff; ventral surface of tail Ochraceous-Tawny, with black along margin and Cinnamon-Buff or Ochraceous-Tawny along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Cinnamon-Buff; underparts creamy white with dark underfur. Skull: Large; zygomata strong and arched; braincase well inflated. Baculum: Broad at base; shaft tapers sharply to tip.

Comparisons.—For comparisons with E. u. umbrinus and E. u. fremonti, see the accounts of those subspecies.

Specimens examined.—Total number, 3.

Albany Co.: 8 mi. ESE Browns Peak, 10,000 ft., 2; 3½ mi. S Wood's Landing, 1.

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