The Project Gutenberg EBook of Two New Moles (Genus Scalopus) from Mexico and Texas, by Rollin H. Baker This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Two New Moles (Genus Scalopus) from Mexico and Texas Author: Rollin H. Baker Release Date: January 24, 2010 [EBook #31063] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TWO NEW MOLES (GENUS SCALOPUS) *** Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Diane Monico, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net Two New Moles (Genus Scalopus) from Mexico and Texas BY ROLLIN H. BAKER University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History Volume 5, No. 2, pp. 17-24 February 28, 1951 University of Kansas LAWRENCE 1951 UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Edward H. Taylor, A. Byron Leonard, Robert W. Wilson Volume 5, No. 2, pp. 17-24 February 28, 1951 UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS Lawrence, Kansas PRINTED BY FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER TOPEKA, KANSAS 1951 23-6626 Two New Moles (Genus Scalopus) from Mexico and Texas BY ROLLIN H. BAKER In the spring of 1950, a field party from the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History including J. R. Alcorn, W. J. Schaldach, Jr., George Newton, and the author collected mammals in the Mexican state of Coahuila. A few days were spent in the Sierra del Carmen. One morning when examining sets for pocket gophers in these mountains, Alcorn found a mole caught in one of the traps. Subsequent examination discloses that this specimen belongs to a heretofore unknown species which may be named and described as follows: =Scalopus montanus= new species _Type._--Male, adult, skin and skull plus body skeleton; no. 35668, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist.; Club Sierra del Carmen, 2 mi. N and 6 mi. W Piedra Blanca, Coahuila, Mexico; 7 April 1950; obtained by J. R. Alcorn, original no. 11093. _Range._--Known only from the type locality; probably found in other localities in the Sierra del Carmen of northern Coahuila, Mexico. _Diagnosis._--Size medium and slender for the genus (see measurements); tail medium in length, sparsely covered with whitish hairs; claws of forefeet slender; upper parts near (h) Buffy Brown (capitalized color terms after Ridgway, Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, Washington, D. C., 1912), with slight rufous wash on top of head; underparts resemble upper parts but slightly paler with longitudinal band of near (14) Sudan Brown extending from chin posteriorly to and around base of tail, less intense on breast; skull small, arched, and relatively slender especially across mastoidal region; posterior part of cranium depressed; foramen magnum low when viewed from rear; external pterygoid region not greatly expanded; teeth small, especially upper third molar. _Comparison._--From _Scalopus aquaticus_, of which ten subspecies have been seen including those of significant geographic position, _S. montanus_ differs in: Skull slenderer, less angular and relatively narrower across mastoidal region; cranium arched with hind part flattened; external pterygoid region less expanded; teeth relatively small, especially last upper molar. From _S. inflatus_, known to me from Jackson's description (N. Amer. Fauna, 38:53-54, pls. 2, 3, September 30, 1915), _S. montanus_ differs in: Skull less angular and slenderer, prelachrymal region not inflated; zygomata slenderer. _Remarks._--_S. montanus_ is known from a single specimen, which represents the second known occurrence of the genus _Scalopus_ in Mexico. The other occurrence is that of _S. inflatus_ in the state of Tamaulipas. _S. montanus_ is geographically isolated in mountainous country from other species of _Scalopus_. Ten of the recognized subspecies of _S. aquaticus_ were available for examination and descriptions of others were studied. It was found that the number and magnitude of the differences separating any one of these subspecies from an adjoining one was less than those separating _S. montanus_ from _S. a. texanus_ and _S. a. intermedius_, which are, geographically, closest to _S. montanus_. _S. montanus_ seems not to be closely related to _S. inflatus_ of Tamaulipas. _S. montanus_ is given specific rank because of the great degree of difference between it and its nearest relatives, and because of its geographically isolated position. The specimen of _S. montanus_ was taken in a tunnel found by digging away a mound thought to be that of the pocket gopher, _Thomomys sturgisi_. A trap set in one direction in the tunnel caught the mole; a trap set in the other direction in the tunnel was later covered with soil, evidently by a gopher. After the capture a thorough inspection of the area revealed no "raised" tunnels, typical of _Scalopus_. A series of _Thomomys_ was taken in this area in sets placed in tunnels found under similar mounds. This locality was near the headquarters of the Club Sierra del Carmen in a parklike stand of oak timber in a caņon, at an elevation of 4950 ft. as recorded by our altimeter. The plant association was judged to be characteristic of the Upper Sonoran Life-zone, not far below the beginning of the Transition Life-zone. The area was heavily grazed by goats, hogs and horses and had little grass or other ground cover under the trees. The soil in this caņon was not deep and consisted of a rocky, marly mixture, pale red in color, evidently produced by weathering of the reddish volcanic rocks bordering the caņon. The Sierra del Carmen is a high, igneous range, surrounded for the most part by Lower Sonoran plains and desert. Zoologically, these mountains are poorly known. Few collectors have been in the area; most of these have been afforded accommodations through the Club Sierra del Carmen (Carmen Mountain Hunting Club), the members of which have been especially interested in assisting naturalists. Several kinds of mammals are known only from this "biological island" including the pocket gopher mentioned above and the shrew, _Sorex milleri_. The finding of a mole in the higher elevations of this range suggests that moles may occur in other mountainous areas of Mexico. Assistance with field work is acknowledged from the Kansas University Endowment Association. _Measurements._--The adult, male holotype measures as follows: Total length, 150; tail vertebrae, 27; hind foot, 20; greatest length (of skull), 32.2; palatilar length, 13.8; mastoidal breadth, 16.2; interorbital breadth, 7.0; maxillary tooth-row, 11.3; greatest depth of skull including auditory bullae, 9.4; weight, 38.6 grams. _Specimen examined._--One, from the type locality. In studying _Scalopus aquaticus texanus_, I noted that Allen (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:221, April 29, 1891) based the original description on a single, unsexed specimen taken in Presidio County, Texas, by Wm. Lloyd in September, 1887. Later, Allen wrote (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:200, August 18, 1893) that a series of moles from Rockport, Aransas County, Texas, agreed essentially with the type. True (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 19:22, December 21, 1896) believed that the type was actually from Aransas County rather than Presidio County. This belief was shared by later workers. In checking the literature, I find that the collector of the type, Wm. Lloyd, who was obtaining specimens for George B. Sennett at the time, took other mammals in September as well as in October of 1887 in Presidio County (see Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:221, 223, 224, April 29, 1891) and birds there in June of 1887 (see Sennett, Auk, 5:43, January, 1888). I can find no evidence that Lloyd collected in or near Aransas County in 1887 and see no reason for doubting that the locality, Presidio County, as written on the original label of the type of _S. a. texanus_ is correct. Mr. M. J. Carroll of the Texas State Historical Association advises me that in 1887, Presidio County was reduced to its present size by the creation of Brewster and Jeff Davis counties. Lloyd might have taken the mole in any one of these three Trans-Pecos counties. Even so, these counties are widely separated geographically from the range of other moles designated as _S. a. texanus_ (see Davis, Amer. Midl. Nat., 27:386, March, 1942). The taking of _S. montanus_ in the Sierra del Carmen immediately south of Trans-Pecos Texas leads me to think that Lloyd's mole might have been taken in a mountainous region within one of the three counties mentioned above. A description of _Scalopus aquaticus texanus_ Allen follows: =Scalopus aquaticus texanus= Allen _Scalops argentatus texanus_ Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:221, April 29, 1891. _Type._--Sex unknown, adult, skin no. 3488, skull no. 2740, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; Presidio County, Texas; September, 1887, obtained by Wm. Lloyd. _Range._--Limits of range in Trans-Pecos Texas unknown. _Diagnosis._--Size small; rostrum heavy and broad; lower jaws heavy; palatine space wide with upper tooth-rows arched laterally; teeth large, especially fourth premolar and molars. _Comparison._--From adults of comparable age from Rockport, Aransas County, Texas, _S. a. texanus_ differs in: Rostrum broader and heavier; lower jaws heavier; palatine space wider, with upper tooth-rows more arched laterally; individual teeth in both jaws larger, especially fourth premolar and molars. From _S. a. intermedius_, which is geographically nearest to the northeast (adult specimens from Meade, Clark and Barber counties, Kansas, and Dewey County, Oklahoma), _S. a. texanus_ differs in: Size smaller; rostrum less massive and shorter; tooth-row shorter. _Remarks._--The type has been previously examined by True (_op. cit._:44). The skin is faded and of little taxonomic worth. The anterior part of the skull is present along with both upper tooth-rows and most of the lower jaws. The teeth are well worn, indicative of old adulthood. In size, _S. a. texanus_ appears closest to moles from southern Texas (Rockport) which previously were assigned to the subspecies _Scalopus aquaticus texanus_. The tooth-rows are of the same length, but the individual teeth of _S. a. texanus_ are significantly larger. The moles in southern Texas previously ascribed to _Scalopus aquaticus texanus_ seem to be without a name and may be known as follows: =Scalopus aquaticus alleni= new subspecies _Scalops texanus_, Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:200, August 18, 1893. _Scalops aquaticus texanus_ True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 19:21, December 21, 1896. _Scalopus aquaticus texanus_ Jackson, N. Amer. Fauna, 38:50, September 30, 1915; Miller, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 128:15, April 29, 1924; Davis, Amer. Midl. Nat., 27:386, March, 1942. _Type._--Male, adult, skin no. 7189, skull no. 5788, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; Rockport, Aransas County, Texas; 29 January 1893; obtained by H. P. Attwater. _Range._--Southern Texas, north to Bexar County and east to Refugio County (see Davis, _loc. cit._). _Diagnosis._--Size small; according to Davis (_loc. cit._), "... length of hind foot seldom more than 19 mm.; total length seldom more than 140 mm. Skull small and flat, seldom exceeding 33 mm. in occipitonasal length and seldom equalling 10 mm. in depth; maxillary breadth usually less than 10 mm.; alveolar length of maxillary tooth row seldom more than 10.5 mm." _Comparison._--From _S. a. cryptus_, geographically adjacent to the east, _S. a. alleni_ differs in: Size smaller; color paler; skull smaller and flatter. From _S. a. intermedius_, geographically adjacent to the north, _S. a. alleni_ differs in: Size smaller; skull smaller and flatter with shorter tooth-row (see Davis, _op cit._:384, 385). For comparison with _S. a. texanus_, see account of that subspecies. _Remarks._--This mole is named in honor of Dr. J. A. Allen in recognition for his work on Texas mammals. Grateful acknowledgment is made to those in charge of the collection of Recent mammals in the American Museum of Natural History for permitting me to examine the moles from Aransas County and the type specimen of _Scalops argentatus texanus_ Allen. _Transmitted January 15, 1951._ 23-6626 End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Two New Moles (Genus Scalopus) from Mexico and Texas, by Rollin H. Baker *** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TWO NEW MOLES (GENUS SCALOPUS) *** ***** This file should be named 31063-8.txt or 31063-8.zip ***** This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: http://www.gutenberg.org/3/1/0/6/31063/ Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Diane Monico, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will be renamed. 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